Wednesday, July 31, 2019

Puritan Literature Analysis Essay

Puritans were believers and this way they were able to convince their counterparts across the journey about the importance of their doctrines. Similarly , according to the usual manner , many were afflicted with seasickness. This was part of testing their faith in the lord. The puritans were able to glorify the lord and to streamline his worthiness in their belief and life. The Puritans strongly believed, that God appear in their lifes. They believed that God is present in every human action and natural phenomenon.Futhermore, they believed that they are God’s cosen people and that ther are a shining example for the world. In the early 1600’s, the lifestyles of the Puritans may not appeal to many of us, some of the idea come from some of the authors, example: William Bradford, John Winthrop, Cotton Mathers, John Smith, Anne Bradstreet, John Cotton, John Owens, Matthew Henry, Richard Baxter, Samuel Rutherford. Most of their writting have the common idea.Some of the author wrote with genre which is sermons, diaries,journals,letter,bible; their own style such as psycology, plain words choice, and used irony; their literary devices are puritism, repition, personasives, practically and spiritually; the last thing is theme such as how they live, their culture and religions, political, but mostly it’s about there life and God. They were stressful than they presently are if we follow them. For example, there are some people who do not condone mordern living such as electricity, modern transpotation and fashionable clothing.Also, about the transportations they walked or they had their own horses. Like we know that all of the Puritans writters from the past, most of them are white but some of them are black, and they were woman instead. The writings of Rowlandson and Bradstreet reflected the qualities of devotion to God, perseverance through trials, and the bond of family; qualities that were essential to the Puritan way of life. Based on their writti ng, we can know that people believed in God, they said that the more son or daughthers were born the more powers they have. Because God blessed them and give them powers to shine with others.They will have more lands and they would stated to plant things them got harvest then sell them and got money in their hands for saving and continuing their life. Puritans led a simple life, they looked for the least complicated approach to living in the world. They believed in predestination and an all powerful, unforgiving God who had everything planned for the future, in terms of who would be part of the elect, and who would move on to an eternal afterlife. They also believed that most people were destined for hell, no matter how faithful they were to their people and God.Puritans valued hard work, morality, and found truth through the bible. The works of Anne Bradstreet, and Jonathan Edwards, take us into the Puritan world and we can see that they do lead a life that is constantly spirituali zed. Although they experience the spirituality through physical elements of life, the value of the spirit still exists. These works also stand as important foundations of American Literature. These ideas and lifestyles revolve around spirituality as a central theme in their lives. The Puritans had a very simple form of writing of which they focused on the Bible and religious themes.The Puritans were deeply devoted to God and living out his commandments on earth. Puritan qualities of faith, perseverance, and family influenced their literature and way of life. Neither of the stories went into great detail on these women’s tragedies, instead they took a positive view of life and focused on what God could do through their lives during the hard circumstances. The faith, perseverance, and dedication to family demonstrated by these writings had a positive influence on the society and culture of their time.

Tuesday, July 30, 2019

Creativity, Critical Thinking and Change Essay

1.1. Throughout this century, a famous painting entitled The Man with the Golden Helmet was believed to be the work of the Dutch master Rembrandt. Some years ago it was proved to have been painted by someone else. Some people would say that the truth about this painting changed. Do you agree? Explain. The book tells us that truth is the accurate representation of objective reality, and that our assumptions, and wishes do not affect the reality of the facts. With that being said; I would say yes the truth about the painting changed. Since there is hard evidence that proves it was not the work of Rembrandt then, the truth has changed. 1.2. Examine each of the following cases in light of what you’ve learned about truth in this chapter. State your view and explain why you hold it. a. Ira is a journalist. Will the belief that he can create his own truth make him more or less likely to value accuracy in his reporting? If Will believes he can make his own truth it will make him less likely to value accuracy in his reporting. The news is one thing and opinions are another. By creating his own truth he is interjecting his opinions, and ignoring the facts of the news. b. Bruce is prejudiced against minorities and women. Which of the following beliefs would be more helpful in overcoming his prejudice; the belief that truth is subjective and created; or the belief that truth is objective and discovered? Explain your reasoning. I would say that belief that truth is objective and discovered would help Bruce in overcoming his prejudice in minorities and women. This way of thinking about truth relies on facts, and historical truth; where Bruce could look back at history and find instances where women and minorities have excelled. If Bruce continues to believe that he can create his own truth, it is likely he will continue to not look at the facts and continue to judge people based on race and gender. c. Most students can use additional motivation to learn. Will the belief that they can create their own truth help or hinder their motivation? Explain. The book tells us that this belief can stifle success because it leads one to believe that just the belief – not talent or hard work will guarantee success. This will hinder motivation because belief in oneself is just part of the equation for success. If they believe that truth is discovered this will help motivate them to study hard and be successful. 1.3. Classify each of the following exchanges as (a) an actual contradiction or (b) a near contradiction. Briefly explain each choice. MAVIS: Big time college sports are corrupt. Near contradiction. The statement can be both true and false in the same way at the same time. Not all big time college sports or corrupt, but some are. CORA: You’re absolutely wrong, Mavis. Â  Actual contradiction. The statement cannot be true and false in the same way at the same time. Mavis is wrong or right. KAREN: There are very few real heroes today. Â  Near contradiction. This is an opinion so it can both be true and false in the same way at the same time. HANNA: I think there are more today than there have ever been. Actual contradiction. This statement cannot be true and false in the same way at the same time. BRAD: Look at that new Lincoln across the street. Actual contradiction. This statement cannot be true and false in the same way at the same time. CLARA: That isn’t a Lincoln – it’s a Mercury. Â  Actual contradiction. This statement cannot be true and false in the same way at the same time.

Monday, July 29, 2019

“A Scandal in Bohemia” by Sir Arthur Conan Doyle

The short story, â€Å"A Scandal in Bohemia,† is one of the many stories that Sir Arthur Conan Doyle wrote that starred his most famous character, the master sleuth, Sherlock Holmes.Being that it is a detective story, the type of which most of the later detective stories by lesser known writers were modeled after, the story follows the model for the stages of narrative perfectly, almost strictly. First, the narrator, Dr. Watson, gives the exposition. It is assumed, of course, that the reader is already familiar with the other Sherlock Holmes stories, his friendship with Dr. Watson, their previous adventures together, etc.Dr. Watson starts by introducing the character of Irene Adler; he also makes a quick mention of his previous adventures with Holmes, Holmes’ own odd habits and even odder habits, and even of Watson’s marriage that was introduced in a previous Sherlock Holmes story. Next, the conflict is introduced into the story.As with most detective stories, es pecially one with such an established character as Holmes, the conflict starts with the introduction of the new case to be solved.The rising action stage, then, involves the rest of the story that led up to the climax: the explanation of the king, Holmes’ initial investigation of the Adler house, Irene’s marriage to Norton. Most of the action in the story occurs as Holmes and Watson carried out Holmes’ plan: the organized scuffle, Holmes’ entry into the house, all up to his explanation of the whole plan to Dr. Watson. In the next scene, where Holmes invited the King of Bohemia to join them in retrieving the portrait would have then, naturally, been the part that concludes the entire case.This, however, though not exactly a false climax, was intentionally misleading. The discovery and reading of Irene Norton nee Adler’s letter is the actual climax.This part not only gives a conclusion to the King’s case, but also explains why Sherlock Holmes, and even Watson at the beginning of the narrative, gave such an importance to Irene Adler; she was one of the very few people ever to outwit Holmes and the only woman to do so. The falling action occurs right after they read the letter, as they thought about the implications of its contents. Holmes even admired Irene so much that he asked for her portrait as his only reward, even though he knew he could have had any sum of money from the King, had he asked. Another element included in the story is foreshadowing.The introduction that centered around Holmes’ special perception of Irene Adler above all other women made it very obvious that she was a unique character in some way. Also, Watson’s statement that â€Å"So accustomed was I to his invariable success that the very possibility of his failing had ceased to enter into my head† hinted at Holmes’ pending rare failure.

An investigation into the effectiveness of Arbitration as an Literature review

An investigation into the effectiveness of Arbitration as an Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) within the U.K construction in - Literature review Example Corporate social responsibility calls for taking care of the interests of the various stakeholders of the business and amicable settlement of the disputes in the industry through ADR by avoiding litigations. According to the research conducted by Conlin et al (2009, p. 362) the causes of conflicts include technical problems commercial problems and interpersonal differences. Construction industry is complex in nature and the contracts between the parties envisage generally provision for arbitration of the disputes likely to arise in the course of business. According to Harmon (2003, p. 187) complex construction projects result into complex disputes inter alia due to poor documentation. The effectiveness of arbitration as an alternative dispute resolution depends upon these provisions clearly spelt out in the contracts and the effective mechanisms for the arbitration available in the country. Apart from the commercial disputes, arbitration in respect of disputes arising out of employme nt of labour is also very important since this industry is labor intensive and involves employment of workers of the company or contractor, labour contractors and other sub-contractors. Objectives This paper seeks to analyze the effectiveness of arbitration as an alternative dispute resolution (ADR) within the U.K. ... Arbitration as ADR provides a forum for the experts in the construction field for taking decisions in line with the industry norms and established practices which makes the settlement process more effective. Simplicity and flexibility in the arbitration process enhances the working relationship among the parties to the dispute. Evolution of Arbitration in the United Kingdom Noussia (2010, p. 9) stated â€Å"Arbitration is the most traditional and well-known form of alternative dispute resolution. It arises mostly, though not exclusively, from pre-dispute contracts in which the parties agree that if a dispute arises, it will be resolved by arbitration.† Proliferation of industries in the aftermath of industrial revolution which started in the UK and the rise of Labor Party to prominence led to the passage of Trade Dispute Act in 1906. The intent of the legislations and regulations is to encourage conciliation and arbitration in the proceedings for resolving the trade disputes a nd avoid legal proceedings in the courts of law. In the Trade Union and Labour Relations (Consolidation) Act, 1992, Mediation, Conciliation and Arbitration have been recognized as important Alternative Dispute Resolution methods. The procedures relating to the commercial arbitrations have been streamlined as a systematic code of law by the Arbitration Act 1889 incorporating the established practices earlier adopted with suitable amendments. Brooker and Lavers (1997, p. 519) stated â€Å"disputes are a significant phenomenon within the UK construction industry and that they are a matter of importance to the disputants as well as to the other stakeholders such as developers, owners, non-owning occupiers,

Sunday, July 28, 2019

Journal Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 94

Journal - Essay Example Through the help of Anna, an assistant, we found her a dress during that time. Now she was back and saying that she needed a pantsuit for work as per her supervisors instructions. Since our agency did not allow for exchanges or refunds, I was not sure how to help her since she was a part of the red care program. She spoke to my ResCare supervisor in hopes of solving her problem. I believe they eventually came to a resolution because I was asked to assist her, but I could not find a dress in her size. I felt bad because I could not help her better. She left without clothes but a promise from my supervisor that she will order her size and call her when something arrives. We track all big size orders so that is something we could do to help her. I really felt bad at not having helped her but then decided to try and forget about it so that i could concentrate on my chores for the day. I had my first young client today and it was difficult to find clothes for her. She was an African- American who wore small sizes that I knew we did not carry. All I could come up with for her was a suit. For some reason, she refused to have me assist her no matter how I tried to help her. She took the suit without considering my opinion or allowing me to see her fitting. I was frustrated because she did not work with me to find the right outfit for her. However, she ended up getting what she wanted and was on her way. Maybe it was because I felt slighted by the way she treated me, so I had some sort of prejudice as I recalled working with her. I found myself wondering if we did not get along because of racial considerations and biases. After some pondering, I came to the conclusion that I was being discriminatory and I needed to just get over the experience. Having worked at the agency for 3 months already, Ihave realized that I need to learn how to understand and get along with th e various clients that

Saturday, July 27, 2019

Vertical Boundaries Of the firm - Vertical Chain and Vertical Essay - 1

Vertical Boundaries Of the firm - Vertical Chain and Vertical Integration - Essay Example The main operational uniqueness of this brand is that it follows a production after order placement module. In this mode of operation, the customer chooses the product and the design and the workers develop the product according to the choice, delivering the finished furniture in a couple of weeks time. The company has a production unit in Birmingham from where furniture orders placed in its twelve showrooms throughout Britain are produced and shipped. This arrangement gets excellent response from customers who do not mind the waiting time, since they know that the piece going to be delivered is going to be unique and customized for their needs. The great rush of orders and the company’s plan to move to new markets brought out different challenges in vertical chain and production management. To begin with, the firm has decided to open new stores or showrooms in five different cities that they have not been in before. And this would bring in orders that the Birmingham production unit cannot handle. In this scenario, the 30 employee production unit will either need to be doubled in capacity, which might affect the quality of the products or the firm has to think of traditional vertical chain management techniques. The company has operated using the Neoclassical Economics model till date since due to its small size and promising performance, a good number of shareholders and venture capitalists are interested and influential in its growth. However, when they move into real vertical chain system, they will have to ensure that they follow the Quasi Marris economic model which is more fit for the 21st Century, and ensure that behavioral factors are taken into consideration every time. The economy of scale here will be determined by the number of households, offices and complexes which use teak wood furniture or are open to

Friday, July 26, 2019

The Relationship Between Institutions and Economic Development Essay

The Relationship Between Institutions and Economic Development - Essay Example Neoclassical growth theory limits to identify the prerequisites of economic performance, such as capital accumulation and technical progress. To explain why people save, invest, learn and seek knowledge, different institutional systems and values that success or failures are based on must be paid special attention. The relationship between institutions and economic growth has been a central debate of the economic arena for a long time. A century ago, the free society realized that the institutional system plays a fundamental role in economic development-no longer seen as an inevitable gradual transition from local autarky to specialization and division of labor. The establishment and the functioning of institutions reflect the transition from chaos to order by the creation and enforcement of rules or procedures guiding economic and social life. Thus, the institutional system ensures the normal course of real and nominal economy. However, only efficient institutions are growth-promoti ng (Milo, 2007, p.23). There is a vast empirical literature that studies the impact of institutions on economic performance, particularly on growth (Easterly and Levine (2003), Acemoglu et al. (2001), Fukuyama (2006)). From the reverse connection perspective, the first hypothesis stating that economic growth enhances the good functioning of institutions is associated with the name of Martin Lipset, who argued that increased income and human capital accumulation are the best ways to have effective institutions. The second hypothesis states that limited central authorities and therefore, good institutions, lead to superior economic performance. This point of view is also included in the works of Montesquieu and Adam Smith and, later, in those of the ambassadors of neo-institutionalism (Buchanan, Coase, North, and Williamson). In short, the basic idea of institutionalism is that institutions create the rules of economic game; the latter provide economic incentives and thus influence th e behavior of economic agents. Competition, productivity, innovation and private firms develop in an institutional environment that fosters efficient behaviors and penalizes inefficiency. If economic performance is unsatisfactory, ultimately, institutions will be changed. Reformulated, economic and social changes are institutional changes. One of the most important issues that influence the analyses of linkages between institutions and economic development is that there is no general consensus on the definition of institutions. Chang (2005) highlights three key functions of institution in fostering economic performance: Coordination and administration; Learning and innovation; Income redistribution and social cohesion. In some Asian economies in transition from socialism to capitalism, the rapid progress of free market institutions has reduced the transaction costs. In other situations, they have remained high as a result of insufficient knowledge of market mechanisms, of ambiguous rules and bureaucracy, weak legal system and corruption. Stable political structures, well-defined and recognized property rights and legal enforcement of contracts have reduced transaction costs, explaining the success of the world’s most powerful economies. Transaction cost theory was used in the analysis of general interest issues such as the role and governance practices, definition of market institutions or in explaining the differences between economic performances of nations. Related to the last element mentioned, the theory developed in close connection with the role of institutions in fostering economic efficiency by reducing trading costs. North concluded that capitalist and democratic institutions (free market, state, justice) are the result of efforts to minimize transaction costs (North 1991,

Thursday, July 25, 2019

Clonal integration in Panicum trugidum Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Clonal integration in Panicum trugidum - Article Example Many invasive plants are clonal, however little is known about clonal integration. The discussion expounds more on clonal integration on Panicum turgidum, a drought and salt tolerant plant that is used for erosion control, thatching, fodder, and production of flour (Al-Khateeb 2006). Further, it focuses on the establishment of raments either randomly and genetically. The discussion also outlines the major benefits of clonal integration in plants. Panicum turgidum is plant that is very common in Arabia, Senegal, Pakistan and in most parts across the Sahara desert (Al-Khateeb 2006). The plant is widely referred as Tuman, Taman or Thaman in Arabia and Egypt (Al-Khateeb 2006). In Sahara Arabics, it is referred to as Markouba or Merkba. Other names that commonly refers to Panicum turgidum is Guinchi and Du-ghasi especially in Somalia (Al-Khateeb 2006). Most plants do not tolerate in saline areas, however, Panicum Turgidum is a salt resistance plant (xerohalophyte). Photosynthesis in saline plants is generally lower compared to non-saline environment. This is attributed to the limited uptake of carbon dioxide, reduced stomata size, and chlorophyll content; this leads to reduction in plant growth (Hartnett 1993). Competition among the plant also reduces the quantum yield of photosynthesis. It also limits the growth of leaves, stolon length and ramets. Connected raments of clonal Panicum turgidum plants share carbohydrates, water, and nutrients through clonal integration. Studies have shown that clonal integration in Panicum turgidum facilitates establishments of newly produced ramets. Clonal integration also improves chances of survival and reproduction of adult ramets in Panicum turgidum. Importantly, it also helps genets to occupy more open space. The discussed positive effects of clonal integration in Panicum turgidum help the plants to have competitive edge over plants

Wednesday, July 24, 2019

Dover Beach Evaporating the Sea of Belief (Matthew Arnold) Essay

Dover Beach Evaporating the Sea of Belief (Matthew Arnold) - Essay Example The poem depicts the seashore at night. The night which at first feels very tranquil for the poet, but this tranquility, suddenly transforms into despair and darkness. Mathew Arnold belongs to the era when Britain was under the influence of industrialization. It was a period of rationalism. The new generation was persistent about finding the logical reasons behind religious affair. It was not the age when you believe everything blindly. The old values had been driven away and new values were taking place of the old values. The mind was very confused. It was the period in which the questions had been arisen against religious faith. The faith of Christianity was thus on stake. Arnold was deeply religious person and so he lamented the deterioration of religious faith that he calls â€Å"Evaporation of the sea of Faith.† The central idea of this poem is the shattering of faith on Christianity. Arnold, like most of his contemporaries was so much disturbed by loss of religious faith in the new and modern generation. To denote the idea of disbelief he has used the imagery of â€Å"Sea of Belief.† It is a typical Victorian poem which reflects the contemporary society which has given up the religious norms and which is travelling towards modernism. This modernism is of course, very hard to accept especially for the sensible people like Mathew Arnold. It is because the foundation of his thoughts and principles was built on Christianity. The change is not at all a happy moment for Arnold, so this poem is a melancholy poem. In this poem Mathew Andrew unwillingly accepts the reality and the changing world. He has used the sea images. The entire poem revolves around the seascape. The sea of faith has been evaporated, disappeared. Arnold wants to be with the old morals and faith but the world does not allow him to accept the religious beliefs completely. It is a typical Victor ian predicament of mind. The sea in this poem is associated with the strong belief in Christianity. The tragedy of the Victorian age was that belief was shattering. The poet’s state of mind is not at all different. He wants his religious belief to be intact. But the New Age is not allowing him to do so. He calls the sea as his belief. Like the depth of sea, he also has a deep belief in Christian values. But when he is staring at sea, he feels that the sea of belief is evaporating. The Sea of Faith Was once, too, at the full, and round earth's shore Lay like the folds of a bright girdle furl'd. But now I only hear Its melancholy, long, withdrawing roar, Retreating, to the breath Of the night-wind, down the vast edges drear And naked shingles of the world. The deep sea of faith is disappearing from his mind. The rational mind always suffers a lot as it is not ready to give up his old upbringings but at the same time his logical thinking does not allow him/her to embrace the irr ational religious beliefs. His strong religious foundation again is not ready to accept the modernity undoubtedly as these new ideas are extraterrestrial for him. He is doubtful about his old doctrine and he is reluctant to accept the new ideologies. Almost all Victorian authors, poets have painted the same sketch of this kind of state of mind. In the first stanza Arnold Mathew visualizes the picture of a calm sea. The essence of tranquility and purity is present in the first stanza. sea is calm to-night. The tide is full, the moon lies fair. A note of tranquility and serenity is expressed in the above two line. The poet is very firm with his religious theology. It is the

Tuesday, July 23, 2019

The buying back of shares by companies is a dangerous financial Essay

The buying back of shares by companies is a dangerous financial strategy as it increases the company's gearing ratio - Essay Example Besides increasing the gearing ratio of the company it impacts important ratios. The impact of leveraged buyback of shares on Vodafone Plc has been explained with the help of qualitative and numerical analysis. The EPS graph of the company has been shown for a five year period to highlight the rise in the earnings per share due to a stock repurchase program. The deterioration in the important financial ratios like interest coverage, return etc has also been shown with the help of suitable graphs. Introduction An announcement of a share repurchase by a company is valued highly by the market participants interpreting it as a ‘buy signal’ for its stock. So the company has good reasons to buy-back its stocks but sometimes these share buyback programs go awry. Despite the popularity of such programs as evident from the recent buyback deals there are concerns whether the firm or the shareholders derive any gains from it. One reason favouring the buyback deal is that at any poi nt of time the surplus cash lying with the management can be used for buyback of shares thereby returning the funds to the shareholders. It has been seen that idle cash makes the managers complacent so buying back of shares can be one way of instilling confidence among the investors. From the view-point of the company stock buyback results in increased Earnings per share (EPS), share price and increases the value of â€Å"executive stock options† (Ogilvie, 2006, p.51). However, the share buyback strategy can be dangerous if the company finances the buyback of equities using borrowed funds. Financing buyback using loan stock may look tempting in the short term but some years down the line the company has to pay back the loan. In the event of an economic recession the company will have to struggle with fund shortage. A rise in the share price, increase in company EPS are all good signs but not at the cost of endangering the position of the company in the future. The board of di rectors must keep the interests of the shareholders in mind while considering share buyback programs. Evidence behind share repurchases A significant research has been conducted especially in the area of share repurchases. The evidences from this research indicate that there is a strong market response on the announcement of share repurchase program. In the studies conducted by Asquith & Mullins (1983) and Damn et al (1981) it has been shown that the market responds positively to stock repurchase announcements, be it in the form of an â€Å"open market repurchase† or â€Å"a self tender offer†. There have been abnormal returns in the case of share repurchase offers. A study on long term market returns, by C.J. Loomis analysed the repurchase offers during the period 1974 to 1983. His studies revealed that the shareholders of the companies that undertook stock repurchase programs earned a compounded yearly return of 22.6% with the S&P 500 reporting a return of 14.1% duri ng the same period. Though the above evidences support a positive response to the share repurchase offers some papers some papers have highlighted the negativity associated with such programs. As per the papers against share repurchase, the stock repurchase decisions by the company manifest signs of poor financial and operating performance, in fact it signals that the

The international trade theories implemented by KFC Essay

The international trade theories implemented by KFC - Essay Example In relation to the study, the company which has been selected is Kentucky Fried Chicken (KFC) is one of the most renowned brands in the segment of fast food chain restaurants in the international market. It was started in the 1930s in Southern USA as a small franchise business by Colonel Harland Sanders. Â  Presently, it has 13,000 restaurants in all over the world. Â  The three most important success factors including service, quality, and relaxing atmosphere make KFC be a market leader. The exchange of goods, services, and capital across an international border and/or territories is widely referred as international trade in the modern business environment. In the similar context, international trade theory emphasizes on understanding the traditional influences over particular businesses in order to appreciate international trade that in turn provides assistance to improve the welfare of countries in terms of economic aspects. It is in this context that the factors which are consi dered to be of utmost significance by KFC in its international trade theories include cultural, political, legal and economic factors. The attitudes, beliefs, and values of a society are considered as cultural aspects of that country. A culture can be treated as one of the strongest influencing factors in terms of conducting international trade between two different countries. For instance, KFC is engaged with many countries including China, Mexico, Latin America, and the US among others in terms of trade.

Monday, July 22, 2019

Playing monopoly Essay Example for Free

Playing monopoly Essay Pretend to embrace a technology and become the major source for that technology like buy out the competitors. Declare it obsolete because your original way is better. Wait long enough for a technique or idea to be forgotten by the majority of people or just long enough that the majority of your followers are naive newbies. Bring out the old idea and present it as a new invention. For example, many things in Visual Studio . Net are presented as new ideas even though they have existed in RAD tools like Delphi for over a decade. Why this works? because the majority of new software geeks have no idea what Delphi is and didnt know that you could do everything exactly the way Microsoft claims you can in their â€Å"new† invention. It is very much clear about incidences that Microsoft has been unethical in its approaches. Rather that applying their own thoughts, most of the products they have released by copying ideas unethically from other competitor’s products. Rather than having the fair competition in the market Gates always tried to monopolize the market. Though all the monopoly has brought him profit but ethically Microsoft didn’t 2. Some of the characteristics of the market that created monopoly market that Microsoft’s operating system enjoyed are as follows: Incorporation of various Microsoft applications like Windows Digital Media Player and Internet Explorer in 1995 with its operating system gave an advantage to the company as this monopoly worked out for them. Users using Windows didn’t want themselves to get into trouble of purchasing a different browser and different Media Payer. Users were also not ready to pay extra money for buying other companies’ applications, as all those applications were readily available with Microsoft’s operating system. Every company was releasing their applications and operating systems in the market and every time Microsoft was able to know their programs. Using those programs Microsoft created monopoly in the market by releasing advanced version of competitors’ products. As when Navigator came in 1994, Microsoft launched Internet Explorer which was borrowed from Spyglass Inc. and made it similar to Navigator. It incorporated Internet Explorer with Windows. Media player was also incorporated in Windows. Sun Microsystems’s Java was also licensed to Microsoft first and then Microsoft built its own Microsoft java permitting Windows Users to be compatible with it. In the software industry users did not want to shift to new products or applications until proper training and workshops are organized. Microsoft’s used good PLAYING MONOPOLY: MICROSOFT Javier Ian Gonzalez Lopez 1449556 – 9zi strategies for training users. With the Installation disk, a proper tour of Windows is provided to facilitate user. Attorney General Janet Reno filed an antitrust suit against Microsoft in the court of Judge Thomas Jackson. Microsoft made the computer companies using Windows as their operating system not to license, distribute or promote competitive software products of other companies. It embedded Internet Explorer with Windows and thus demolished consumer freedom to go for any other Browser plus it also degraded windows performance. In the agreements with computer companies those using Windows, Microsoft wanted them to leave Internet Explorer as the default Web–Browser and didn’t allow installation of any other browser. The judge was having complete authority to take hard actions against Microsoft’s unethical business strategies. As per the case study it is evident that Microsoft has used various unethical business strategies to make their business profitable. Microsoft copied the copyright of Apple’s OS/2 and developed its own operating system on the same line. Moreover they forced users to use its Internet Explorer and digital media player. They suppressed the platform independent functionality of Sun’s Java by releasing Microsoft’s Java and making it cross platform language. In my view, government should not have sued Microsoft. Consumers were well satisfied by Windows which was evident from the market share of its use. So signing of agreement involves approval of computer companies and Microsoft and if computer companies have signed that agreement that means they weren’t having any problems and neither consumers upon implementing the agreement. So Microsoft just used a marketing strategy over here. Judge Jackson’s order was fair for the competitors as well as for the software industry because Microsoft has really invoked the monopoly situation in the market. It was essential to have fair competition in the market. As an operating system and applications are totally two different aspects and Microsoft should not club these two aspects. This order would have helped competitors and users to choose their favorite applications. From Microsoft’s point of view it was not the fair decision, as they never wish to separate their business into two domains. It was a marketing strategy adopted by Microsoft so that it can withstand with the PLAYING MONOPOLY: MICROSOFT Javier Ian Gonzalez Lopez 1449556 – 9zi competition. According to them it also facilitated consumers for not spending their money in buying other corresponding software and also playing a risk of installing and uninstalling. According to the settlement between Microsoft and DOJ, Microsoft was asked to share its application programming interface with other software rivals and to allow users to hide Internet Explorer icon from the screen. It was asked not to prevent other competitors programs to install on its operating system and not to retaliate against computer makers in releasing their products. This settlement was officially approved by Judge Kollar-Kotelly on November 1, 2003. The decision was really fair for the competitors as well as users. The decision has created free competitive market in the software industry. It allows users to use other available applications and allow them to hide icons which they do not want to use. From competitors point of view market became much more open to release more products with advanced technologies. This move also helped people to think out of Microsoft’s box and helped to showcase their technical skills. As a result various new operating systems with better performance than Windows like Linux, Suse, Monopoly of Microsoft’s operating system has harmed everyone from users to computer producers. Due to unavailability of fair market the users were bound to use Microsoft’s operating system and applications. They were unable to hide icons of the Microsoft’s applications from their operating system. From producer’s point of view, they were not free to launch Windows compatible applications due to unavailability of Windows application programming interface in the market. The competition became minimal in the market due to monopoly enjoyed by Microsoft. Due to monopoly in the market one single company Microsoft was holding maximum market share. It hampered the technical advancement and innovation in the market as well. Some of the following public policies could be used to deal with monopoly †¢Government should issue some standards for a given technology/system/product which should be followed by everyone in the industry. †¢Anti-monopoly law can be created to prevent monopoly to occur in the market. †¢Some policies can be incorporated in the system to motivate and encourage newly launched companies to increase the innovation in the market. PLAYING MONOPOLY: MICROSOFT Javier Ian Gonzalez Lopez 1449556 – 9zi †¢Some policies should be made to share information among the companies whose applications are inter dependant.

Sunday, July 21, 2019

Community Empowerment Can Genuinely Benefit The Community Social Work Essay

Community Empowerment Can Genuinely Benefit The Community Social Work Essay In society, some groups are more vulnerable than others the poor, the disabled, battered women, etc. NGOs working at the grassroots levels are best suited to deal with the vulnerable groups. However, NGOs and the Government can join hands to find the most suitable strategies to use, to empower those who are potentially weak in the social structure. The Government of Mauritius has put in place an NGO Trust fund to help these people to lead a decent life. Community empowerment can genuinely benefit the community. However, along the way community organisations encounter several obstacles which hamper the empowerment process. This called for a review of the community empowerment strategies. Most of the limitations of empowerment strategies occurred due to the lack of training in leadership development and lack of capacity building skills. On the other hand, NGOs were found to be limited in their actions due to the lack of resources and dependence on the Government. Moreover, the Government sometimes attributes more importance to the needs of stakeholders, rather than the needs of the community thus failing the whole purpose of community empowerment. So, to increase community involvement, organisations have altered their way of doing things. Some examples are : strengthening relationships with the community by developing a deep understanding of community issues, undergoing training, implementing creative strategies to encourage participation, among others. 1 What is community empowerment? Community empowerment is the local governments core business (cdz changes, 2008). Community empowerment enables people to play an active role in the decisions that affect their environment (cdx changes, 2008). According to Rappaport (1987), empowerment is meant to enhance the possibilities for people to control their own lives. Cochran (1986) believes that people understand their own needs far better than anyone else and as a result should have the power both to define and act upon them (John at al, 1993). Community empowerment refers to the process of aiding communities to gain control over their lives. Communities consist of groups of people sharing common interests, concerns or identities. Through empowerment, people are able to control the factors and decisions that define their lives. By increasing their assets and building their capacities, they can therefore broaden their networks. People cannot be empowered by others as such, but by themselves (WHO, 2012) Community empowerment encompasses involvement, participation and commitment to the society. It is only possible when people feel a sense of belonging to the community and it aims mostly at social and political changes. In another words, community empowerment is a way of re-negotiating power to achieve more self-control (WHO, 2012). Community empowerment covers the social, cultural, political and economic aspects of society. With the advent of globalisation, actions at the local level heavily impacts actions at the global level. This is why partnerships are required to finding collective solutions (WHO, 2012). Communication is the key to successful community empowerment. It helps to raise awareness and increase knowledge of the people to encourage discussions and debates, so that people gain insight on the controlling forces acting upon their lives and initiate their own decision making process (WHO, 2012). Empowering communities also includes empowering the individual. Empowerment at the individual level starts with defined needs and aspirations and focuses on available resources. 2 It is the process of taking control, which eventually leads to fulfilling ones potential. It comprises of certain factors; self-reliance, participation in decision making, dignity and respect, belonging and contributing to the community. The empowerment of communities involves a higher degree of individual empowerment, a strong sense of belonging to the community, participation in political activities, leadership in decision making and access to resources (WHO, 2010). The community empowerment process is very complex and requires understanding and commitment from the part of all stakeholders. Community empowerment progresses gradually. Therefore it requires constant learning and consistent building of a communitys capacity (Donnelley, 2009) 2.1 How to empower a community? In order to empower a community, that is to involve groups of people in engagement activities, it may be necessary to develop a campaign. However, we should bear in mind that a campaign based on other motivational grounds besides community welfare, fails the whole purpose of community empowerment. Community engagement involves the active participation of individuals and community representatives in all aspects of the campaign. It is very important for the community to be active participants, instead of passive ones (Kirklees Partnership Involving Communities Framework, n.d). Empowering people is not an easy task. Individuals often do not have the time, energy, resources, expertise to develop and implement such campaigns. Community engagement demands certain criteria, namely resources to enable empowerment such as political and legal rights, funding and the social capacity to create mobilisation networks, opportunities such as those provided by institutional arrangements and finally motivations for people to exert their rights (Paul, 2010). Social workers, both voluntary and professional, are assets to the success of these campaigns. Since human nature is complex, the staff leading the campaigns should let go of aspects that 3 may threaten the purpose of the campaign. Instead volunteers, community organisations and partner agencies should participate in the design and implementation process. Here empowering social workers might be another important aspect of community empowerment (Kirklees Partnership Involving Communities Framework, n.d). The Government should include the community at all stages of development projects to increase community engagement and community participation. Capacity building strengthening skills, potential and abilities of people in developing societies so that they can step out of their misery, and community participation actively engaged in designing, implementing and evaluating strategies to address a particular problem are essential to community empowerment (Debra, 2002). Both NGOs and the Government understand the need for community empowerment in Mauritius. Here are some examples of how the community is empowered: The Government has proposed to introduce a Community Empowerment Programme (CEP) with the objective of facilitating the community to make use of ICT to fully participate in the socio-economic development of the country. The CEP in line with the Government encourages the development of local content and creativity. The purpose of this initiative is to democratize access to information, provide comprehensive information about the country, namely its economic and social structure and stimulate the development and production of local content on the internet. This will enable Mauritians to use the internet more effectively and find solutions to the challenges in the community. It will provide a common platform for sharing local knowledge, a marketplace for project proposals, and discussion forums. People will also formulate and implement their own development projects by collaborating with other stakeholders (NCB, n.d). Another example would be the Work done by the Bel Ombre Foundation for Empowerment, which was founded in 2008. Their vision is to create an enabling 4 environment where each individual can realize his potential. This organisation aims at empowering the inhabitants of Bel Ombre to catch the development pace by investing in training, entrepreneurship and social integration. Ongoing projects include adult literacy programmes, supporting the local artisans and the fight against poverty (Bel Ombre Foundation for Empowerment, n.d). People should feel free to act upon their own ideas for the benefit of the community, so that they can be more creative and productive in their endeavours. For instance educating people is one initiative of community empowerment, which can be understood as aiding the individual to better understand his/her needs as well as societys needs, and find proactive measures to the challenges that society faces, without controlling the latter. At the same time, they feel a sense of belonging to the community. 2.2 Whom to empower? It is true that we are all part of society, and that we have needs, but there are other people who are in precarious situations and need a boost. However, it does not mean that they deserve better treatment than the common man. They should just be given a hand. For example; poor people, battered women, minority groups, the disabled and so on. Empowerment is also about sensitizing people who are in vulnerable positions or who are potentially weak in the social structure. As mentioned earlier, community empowerment sometimes necessitates campaigns to reach the target audience. However, there are sensitive issues that touch a large group of people and are not often discussed openly. E.g. Battered women. Hence, both the Government and NGOs focus on preventive measures. Due to the division of labour and stereotypes, women often occupy an inferior position in society and are victims of injustices by man. So, one initiative of the Government was to empower women. 5 Empower women According to reports from all over the world, women constitute a majority among activists in the community and a minority in leadership in the community (Sadan, 1997). The Ministry of Gender Equality, Child Development and Family Welfare insists on the reinforcement of capacity building of women, which can be achieved through education and training. The Government also provides the necessary support for women to launch businesses (Ministry of Gender Equality, Child Development and Family Welfare, 2010). The Ministry has organised workshops for women under the National Women Entrepreneur Council to enable them to develop their managerial skills and provide support to potential women entrepreneurs wishing to launch their own enterprise (Ministry of Gender Equality, Child Development and Family Welfare, 2010). The Women Entrepreneurship Development Programme has been launched in several regions of Mauritius, namely in Quartier Militaire, Triolet, Le Morne, Terre Rouge, Camp Thorel, Lallmatie, Ernest Florent and Pont Lardier and some 1800 women have benefitted from the programme (Ministry of Gender Equality, Child Development and Family Welfare, 2010). Empower the poor Since NGOs work at the grassroots level with the poor, they have been able to establish reciprocity, mutual understanding and build trust. The Government of Mauritius works in hand with NGOs to combat poverty. All stakeholders have come to realize that actions at the local level can be a first step to a national solution (Hurbungs, n.d). One of the first conditions for getting people out of the poverty trap is to make them take full responsibility for their lives. They should also be included in all stages of community projects, so that they feel valued and gain confidence. Another initiative adopted by the Government of Mauritius is developing actions based on the aspirations of the poor. For instance the poor prefer receiving aid to send their children to school with all the necessities 6 instead of receiving financial support to feed their hungry stomachs (Hurbungs, n.d). NGOs should help the poor become aware of their current realities and empower them to make their own choices about the future, initiate actions for their development and adopt a healthy lifestyle (Hurbungs, n.d). 2.3 Benefits of empowering a community When a community is empowered, people feel free to act within the society and at the same time associate a sense of belonging to it. Through community participation and capacity-building, they rediscover their own potential and gain confidence. They also feel worthy of the community, for the help they are providing to make a change. Community empowerment can initiate actions at individual level, which can reach community or even national levels. For example, someone victim of an accident, can gather a group of people it can be close friends, family, or even strangers who have joined for a good cause and help to sensitise others on road safety measures (Dr. Glenn, 2009). Development of small groups can initiate collective actions. It is also a means for practitioners to gain community service skills, leadership skills for some, management skills, develop empathy, broaden networks, form partnerships and bring about social cohesion (Dr Glenn, 2009). Community organisations offer the means to resolve societal problems. They include young groups, faith groups, community councils and associations. They have the power to mobilise resources. They development of community organisations requires some form of leadership and those who serve the community have better chances of developing community capacity and can become future leaders (Dr Glenn, 2009). Empowered individuals are able to influence the direction and implementation of a programme through their participation. They progress from a personal action to the point that 7 they are collectively involved. This can lead to gaining the power to influence economic, political and social action. They can therefore help others to empower themselves and gear them towards capacity building (Dr Glenn, 2009). 2.4 The role of the Government and NGOs in community empowerment The Government of Mauritius has the responsibility of catering for the people and has formulated laws to protect them and safeguard their rights. The Government acts as an authority figure. The political and administrative environment of a community directly affects the empowerment process (Phil, 2007) The environment includes a series of factors such as the laws, rules and regulations and practices of the civil society. The environment also covers the policies and practices of relevant Non-Governmental Organisations (Phil, 2007) In this regard, their task is to encourage community activities that enable the community to develop itself to be empowered. They should also help the community to initiate actions towards self-reliance, community empowerment and eradication of poverty (Phil, 2007). The Government should be able to modify Ministry regulations, modify legislative policies, support legislative committees responsible for legislative reform, provide guidelines and empower NGOs active in the related sectors, raise awareness through conferences, workshops, competitions and so on and pass relevant information through public media posters, radio, local TV, newspapers, and advertisements (Phil, 2007). NGOs are increasingly involved in capacity development. They lean towards developing skills and tools to strengthen the society. NGOs can have a significant impact on community development. However not all NGOs are in good terms with the Government and very often they lack resources and face many obstacles and unless they become partners with the Government, capacity building initiatives will continue to fail (Inger, 2009). 8 The Government should also offer training to practitioners so that they are well equipped at all phases of the process. More importantly the Government should provide support to NGOs which can lead to consistency and integration with each other. Support could be of financial and technical assistance for meetings, working committees and campaigns. According to the Mrs Sheila Bappoo (Â  Minister of Social Security, National Solidarity and Senior Citizens Welfare Reform Institutions), the Mauritian Government fully acknowledges the role of NGOs in community development. The Government has put in place an NGO Trust Fund which has the objective of helping vulnerable groups of the society so that they can lead a decent life. The Government provides support to numerous organisations who are actively involved in community empowerment. One such example is the the Youth Empowerment Programme which was implemented by a group of students from the University of Mauritius and the Force Vive des Quartier Reunies. The project had the objectives of developing leadership skills among children and at the same time encouraging community service by University students (MEF, 2011). The Government is actively involved in many such initiatives, and as we can see community empowerment begins with the common man. All we need is an idea and the will to bring about change. 9 3.0 Community empowerment strategies Community empowerment strategies include community development, community engagement, community participation and capacity building (Peter, 1996). Community development helps people to recognise and develop their abilities and potential and organise themselves to respond to problems and needs which they commonly share. It supports communities that control and use assets to promote social justice and help to improve the quality of community life (SCDC, n.d). In Maritius, the Community Development and Poverty Alleviation Project has been implemented by the Government and its budget extends to approximately 4 million Rupees. Community development requires the knowledge of people, their values and culture. People should be empowered to generate their own knowledge and use it to improve the quality of life. Therefore participation is necessary for community empowerment. Community development walks in hand with management. Community Services Management is a relatively new approach and it aims at empowering community workers and stakeholders to better assess and implement community based projects efficiently and cost effectively. Community Development also requires General Organisational Skills including financial skills. The emergence of professional management in such organisations denotes power. Community practitioners should be aware of the structure of the organisation to develop the required skills to effectively achieve its objectives. Finally, we cannot ignore the concept of Sustainable Development when speaking about development in Mauritius. The Government, NGOs, and the private sector recognise recognize that the environment, the economy and equity are irrevocably linked (Community Development and Poverty Alleviation Project, 2005). Community engagement is the process of involving people in decisions that affect them. This can mean involving communities in the planning, development and management of services. Moreover it consists of empowering the community to make decisions and to implement and manage change (DSE, 2011). 10 The Government envisioned the creation of a sustainable society with the implementation of the project Maurice Ile Durable (MID). In this regard, the Government encourages community members to initiate partnerships with multiple stakeholders and facilitates community engagement that supports people to express their vision for the community and initiate shared responsibility (Anneleos at al, n.d). Community participation refers to active engagement in designing, implementing and evaluating strategies to address a particular problem (Debra, 2002). The Government stresses upon the integration and participation of the youth in many aspects of the society. The Government also provides the opportunity for youngsters to engage in voluntary activities. One such programme is the National Youth Award which was launched in Mauritius in 1996. It is a sort of training programme which encourages personal delivery and growth, self-reliance, perseverance, responsibility to themselves and the community (Ministry of youth and sports, 2012). This programme under the Ministry of youth and sports supervised numerous activities which involved the participation of many national projects, namely Jeux de Lavenir, Jeux de Lespoir, Environmental Projects, Community Services and special vacances (Ministry of youth and sports, 2012). Capacity building involves strengthening the skills, potential and abilities of people in developing societies so that they can get out of their misery. Capacity-building programmes were established in Mauritius in view of poverty reduction. Since 2000, the IFAD (Funded Rural Diversification Programme) has been reaching out to more the 15 000 poor people. The programme has helped the poor to diversify their incomes and improve their standard of living. Under the Community Development and Poverty Alleviation Project, the Government adopts an approach to help the poor to get out of their own misery, by providing them with opportunities to generate their own income by empowering them (Community Development and Poverty Alleviation Project, 2005). 11 3.1 Limitations of community empowerment strategies Community empowerment strategies encompass several areas and require the participation, involvement, and commitment of various stakeholders. Implementing empowerment strategies also demands much time and effort. However they are good initiatives to empower the community, as explained previously. Community empowerment strategies have brought about numerous improvements in sectors such as poverty, health, environment, and society in general. The major obstacle to successful community empowerment is the lack of training in leadership development and organisational capacity building (Peter, 1996). NGOs NGOs have the possibilities to pass on information either by directly providing them to the public or helping the community to acquire access to information sources. NGOs can improve organisational assets by establishing new community organisations or improve on existing ones. They can also help people to get financial aid and material assets based on their needs and rights. Moreover, they do a great job in sensitizing and gathering people through health and education activities community engagement. Finally, since NGOs work at the grassroots level, they are more experienced and have genuine knowledge of the difficulties people find themselves in (Selibu, 2006). However, very often many obstacles hamper the empowerment process. Limitations to empowerment activities of NGOs arise from many sources. To start with, NGOs are constrained by the fact that they have little access to resources and less influence on policies and the law. Another factor would be that most NGOs are dependent on the developments made by the Government. NGOs are in most cases not in good terms with the Government, and this directly impacts their actions. Moreover, NGOs are limited by local factors such as inefficient institutional frameworks, weak relationships with the community and organisational problems within themselves. Consequently, in trying to respond to donors, the Government often lose sight of genuine empowerment needs of the community and cater for other demands from stakeholders (Selibu, 2006). 12 Risks factors When implementing empowerment strategies, risk factors should be anticipated and well-managed. The risk factors include time and planning limitations, possible lack of cooperation from stakeholders, incompatibility among methods used, diminished interest from community leaders, lack of additional funding and possible lack of resources for community leaders to impart their knowledge and skills (Community Development and Poverty Alleviation Project, 2005). Community organizations face enormous obstacles to repairing the social fabric of their communities, especially if society faces serious issues (e.g. high crime rate). This limitation is due in part to organizations inability to develop strategies and due to lack of resources (Peter, 1996). Moreover it is quite difficult to foster community participation and engagement, because people are not always free to participate in activities even if they can benefit from them. The community is also reluctant to form partnerships with stakeholders due to lack of trust. The community sometimes expects too much from the Government, and therefore is left with only aspirations and dreams. People have responsibilities and other concerns and they view community engagement and participation as an added burden. It can also be that information and whereabouts of campaigns and workshops are not evenly spread, considering low-budget organisations. Sometimes community leaders themselves are not committed to the project. Very often community activities are merged with politics, and are a means to monetary gain and enhanced image. As a matter of fact, community empowerment strategies fail their very own purpose due to lack of community involvement/participation/engagement. 3.2 Alternatives to increase community engagement and participation If an organisation wants to be truly accountable, it needs a strong system of organisational governance. Without a clear focus, it is impossible for community organisations to achieve significant impact. Hence, community organisations should be able to develop the element 13 of trust with the community (ICD, 2005). They should implement creative strategies so that the community is motivated to work with them. Both NGOs and Government organisations should address the different strategies including capacity building, physical projects, research and information and networking (ICD, 2005). Organisations should also display reliability, leadership and transparency. Empowerment programmes are not always easy to achieve. This is why organisations should review their own strategies. Participation and continuity It is necessary to work with the community in bringing awareness of the proposed activities and their benefits. It is also of significant importance to maximise community participation in planning, design, and implementation stages so that people develop sustained interest and ensure continuity of the particular project (Community Development and Poverty Alleviation Project, 2005). Management, supervision and monitoring The success of the projects will depend on proper management, supervision and monitoring. Practitioners should be given appropriate training in the field of project management. Progress should be monitored, to ensure that objectives are being fully achieved (Community Development and Poverty Alleviation Project, 2005). Engagement Community engagement is achieved if projects bear better outcomes. It is also very important to strengthen the relationship with the community. Community organisations should project the reputation of the organisation through their actions. Moreover they should develop increased understanding of community issues to form partnerships and broaden their networks (DSE, 2011). Leadership training Social workers and staff should possess the right skills to be able to reach the audience. Some practitioners often feel a lack of motivation and discontinue their service. Dealing with 14 people can be exhausting and frustrating. Therefore the Government should provide access to training sessions, information and networks. More than 20 training centres have been successful in teaching community organizations the skills needed to develop leaders and build strong community organizations in the US (Peter, 1996). Target vulnerable groups The Government should display involvement in the community. It should tackle issues that are of concern to the community education, emancipation of women, poverty, etc, and provide support by empowering them. E.g. Implementing poverty alleviation strategies. The Community organisations should also work with those who are potentially weak in the social structure. For example by educating the illiterates, providing economic support to vulnerable women, reduce vulnerability to HIV/AIDs and other health issues, and by collaborating with other organisations (SEM, 2012). Community organisations should themselves be empowered to adopt the best suitable approach to deal with people. The Government should promote community access to technology and information and also allocate a budget for community organisations to implement community empowerment programmes, for sensitization campaigns, workshops and working committees. Moreover, since media plays an important role in conveying information, media coverage of community initiatives should be improved. The common man should also be empowered to initiate action on a small basis and eventually be monitored for potential innovative ideas. It is also primordial to promote laws and regulations that give communities a voice (Peter, 1996). The Government of Mauritius has implemented the National Empowerment Foundation in this regard and has extended support and empowered numerous people. Some examples include; The Integrated Social Development programme setting up housing units at La Valette Bambous accounting to a total cost of Rs. 205 million and benefitted 200 families ; around Rs 1.1 billion allocated for programmes which include facilities for unemployed women, Integrated Social Development, circular migration, technical assistance to Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) (NEF, 2009). 15 4.0 Critical Analysis Community empowerment strategies are effective measures to empower a community. Through community engagement, community participation, community development and capacity building, people are able to identify their potential and discover their abilities, participate in group discussion and activities, engage in implementation of important projects and can empower themselves so that they can overcome difficult social situations. As mentioned in the previous sections, community empowerment can benefit the community on a small basis as well as nationally. Community empowerment enables people to initiate actions based on their day-to-day experiences. It also creates a chain where the empowered individual in turn helps others to empower themselves by sharing experiences and forming partnerships. Community empowerment is a means for the community to broaden their networks and meet new and influential people. An empowered community can influence the social and economic aspects of a country to seek their rights. Moreover, when working with others for a collective cause, individuals acquire a sense of worthiness. Those actively involved in community work and community service can eventually become tomorrows leaders. Since community empowerment strategies deal with people, unforeseen events may arise. It is true that community empowerment is beneficial to the individual and the community, however people are not always free to engage in community activities. Moreover people are reluctant to indulge in community activities due to lack of trust, because very often activities are based on selfish grounds. For example; political parties showing interest in social activities for the sole purpose of enhancing the image of the Government. Other limitations of empowerment strategies include lack of cooperation from stakeholders, lack of funding and diminished interest from community leaders themselves. Finally, NGOs are limited in their actions due to lack of resources and dependence on the Gover

Saturday, July 20, 2019

The Confederate Flag Essay -- Flag Argumentative Persuasive Paperes

The Confederate Flag On January 1992 the NAACP put in affect a boycott on South Carolina to pressure the state to remove the Confederate flag off of its Statehouse in Columbia. The boycott is what initially brought life to this issue. The NAACP’s removal request is based on the fact that they, the anti-flag groups, claim that the meaning of the Confederate flag is one of hate and discrimination. On the other hand, there are other groups that believe differently whom are called the pro-flag groups. They claim that the Confederate flag is a sign of heritage and should stay on South Carolina’s Statehouse. Anti-flag articles are more likely to be found published in well-known Liberal magazines, when credible pro-flag articles were hard to find. The main issue of the debate, which is a definition argument, includes one that argues the meaning of the Confederate flag and what it stands for, and from it many arguments stem that make up the intense debate about the Confederate flag. The Civil War being about slavery is one of the first things addressed in both types of articles. Within this argument, the pro-flag groups claim that many blacks fought for the Confederacy. Then the Confederate flag’s connection with racism is then argued. An anti-flag argument to prove that the Confederate flag is connected to slavery is that it was raised in response to the civil rights movement that was going on in 1961. Another anti-flag argument is that the Confederate flag does not represent the State as a whole and for that reason should not be flown on South Carolina’s Statehouse. An even amount of pathos and logos is used among the opposing groups, but the anti-flag articles tend to have more ethical appeal and fewer flaws in their a... ...ision by figuring out which side has the strongest one and therefore the more justified cause. Work Cited Eric Foner. â€Å"Rebel Yell.† The Nation. 270.6 (February 14, 2000): 4. James F. Barker. â€Å"Clemson History Offers Perspective for Flag Debate.† The State. December 3, 2000. Stuart Taylor Jr. â€Å"The Confederate Flag and the Cost of Pandering.† National Journal. 32.4 (January 22, 2000): 215. Walter E. Williams. No: â€Å"Critics of the flag are Counting on a General Ignorance of History to Make Their Case.† Symposium. March 14, 2001. http://www.insightmag.com/archive/200002064.shtml Quick, Steven. â€Å"Lynching Lee† The Opinions. 2/27/2001 Http://www.palmetto.org/noprint.htm Amy. â€Å"Even more on the confederate Flag vs. the â€Å"Xian† usage debates.† Parentsplace.com. February 02,2000 wysiwyg://4http://boards2.parentsplace.com/messages/get/ppcurrentdebates63/26.html

Aquaporin-1 Essay -- Biology Aquaporin

Background Most modern biology textbooks will tell you that low-molecular-weight molecules like CO2, NH3 (ammonia), and urea cross cell membranes by simple diffusion. Some scientists postulate, however, that specific pores mediate this transport. A recent study conducted to further this hypothesis examines expression of the water channel aquaporin-1 (AQP-1) and its enhancing affect on CO2 permeation into cells. Why would scientists challenge the traditional simple diffusion theory? Two strong points of evidence led to this experiment: First, many cell membranes have a very low permeability to small molecules: The outer membranes of some gastric glands allow very little CO2 to enter the cell, while most frog egg cells have membranes that act as virtual barriers to the harsh materials present in their environment. If the simple diffusion theory is correct, diffusion of small molecules into cells should be an unregulated process. If diffusion is an unregulated process, how could some cells have a lower permeability to small molecules than others? Second, scientists have already found membrane proteins that facilitate the entrance of water and urea: While the UT2 protein enables transport of urea past the cell membrane, an entire class of membrane proteins called the aquaporins enable the permeation of water into cells. If small molecules enter the cell by diffusion, why would the cell have extra mechanisms to facilitate their entry? Any Questions? Q) What's this diffusion thing you keep talking about? A) Particles randomly flow from areas of high concentration (a lot of particles) to areas of low concentration (not many particles) until they are evenly dispersed. If you've ever put a normal cell in a c... ...ially exciting opportunity to manipulate gas transport rates lies in cancer research, where inhibiting the transcription of AQP-1 could be the key to killing cancer cells . Cancer cells release more CO2 than most other cells, so stopping these cell's abilty to extrude the gas to their environment would result in cell death. This example is one of many uses for the manipulation of gas transport, however, and the opportunities are endless. The idea that gas transport is actively mediated by the cell is a huge paradigm shift from the traditional belief that transportation is uncontrolled. Further studies (Cooper and Boron, Am. J. Physiol. In press) have proven the conclusion drawn from this experiment, and the search for pores that mediate transport of specific gasses has already begun. The diffusion dogma has been destroyed, and the textbooks will be re-written.

Friday, July 19, 2019

Space Propulsion :: essays papers

Space Propulsion RESEARCH I/II LARRY PECAN FINAL REPORT 9-27-98 INTRODUCTION The following is a research project on Space Vehicle Propulsion. It shall consist of four sections, each discussing specific topics. Section One lays out the basic ideas of rocketry. Section Two compares Rocket Propulsion Systems, and shows the basis for the comparison. It also shows how each specific Rocket System works and Section Three gives a description of how Space Propulsion has evolved and contains a conclusion. SECTION 1 The Basics Section One is a brie description of the basic properties of Rocket Systems. It defines the key terms and shows how a basic rocket works. It also shows the State if The Art. I have chosen to do my project on space vehicle propulsion. Basically, this means that my research shall be based primarily on rocketry. Rocketry is a way of propulsion that has developed in numerous ways since it was first used to propel fireworks in the 16th century. It has emerged into an extremely complicated science that few actually understand. Most space rocketry in America is used in NASA (National Aeronautics and Space Association) space projects. NASA, a government association that focuses on space exploration, is the main user of rocket technology. It is used mostly to power their satellites and shuttles into space. Pushing an object that weighs as much as a space shuttle does directly vertical until escaping the Earth’s atmosphere requires a tremendous amount of power. This is why NASA uses rockets. Rockets are essentially the most powerful forms of propulsion there is today. Space Vehicle Propulsion is based rocket engines. The basic principle of rocket engine is that when fuel is burned in the engine, the reaction mass is expelled at high speeds. As a result of Newton’s law of action and reaction this pushes the vehicle in the opposite direction of the one in which the reaction mass is moving. Thrust is the force that the engine exerts on all space behind it in order to â€Å"push† the vehicle forward. Efficiency is the way that the quality of rocket engines is measured by. It is measured by the time it takes for one kilogram of propellant to create one kilogram of thrust. The goal of my research is to find out what makes these engines more efficient. In rocketry, the state of the art is extremely hard to define, since there are so many different forms of rocketry ranging from liquid propellant rockets to fireworks.

Thursday, July 18, 2019

India: Land of Diversity Essay

The western culture has always been known for its progressive nature. It has given its followers a lot of freedom and openness. But there are times when the freedom gets on to you. This is when one starts feeling the void and the emptiness and starts craving for some sort of support or someone to look upto as a guiding force. Since many decades, the westerners have been looking towards India to save their fizzing hearts and morality by its spiritualism. This is because India is the land of sages and great thinks and reformers who have reached far and wide spreading the true message of god. Their sayings and preaches have been guiding all of us since ages to listen to the voice inside us and lead a meaningful life. The growing impetus of spiritualism in the world was born in India and it has been the flag bearer of all this since ages. India is a land where many different religions and practices live together in complete conglomerate, side by side. India has always been open to visitors. There has been an old famous saying in India which says: â€Å"Atithi Devo Bhava† which literally translates to say that guest is god. The Indians have lived by this thought since the very beginning and still practice it. This is the reason why when any foreigner came to India (with whatever motives in mind, India was there with arms wide open to welcome them. It started with the Aryans, then came the Persians, Mughals, British French and many more. All were welcomed in India with equal gratitude. The humbleness and hospitality has also been prevalent till now. It welcomed the Dalai Lama when he escaped from Tibet after the Chinese agression.This is another example of the nobility that India has been Famous for. India and its have also been famous for helping out others. It helped Bangladesh to win freedom and independence from the erstwhile Pakistan. The practices of helpfulness and aid have been carried out like a tradition since ages, transferred from one generation to another. India has become the land where cultures and thoughts intermingle to provide an altogether new way of living to the people. Since being a home to people from different cultures, the residents have learned how to respect all the various cultures and traditions. Come to India-the only country in the world  where you shall find a Hindu temple, a church and a mosque adjoining each other and followers of any of them visiting each. This is the best part of the underlying Indian thought – tolerance and respect for everyone. So whatever be your culture, beliefs, religious practice, India can surely make you feel at home. India is truly a land of great cultural heritage and enriched traditions. The influence of various cultures on each other is evident from the architecture styles, language as well as the practices in various parts of the country. This innate mixture of features of various cultures and traditions gives India the place and the reputation of being the most tolerant and patient country in the world.

Wednesday, July 17, 2019

Victimology: Crime and Criminal Victimization

partnerships Response to vile Victimization Although detestation and development order have steadily declined since the early 1990s, parliamentary constabularys perception and fear of wickedness is still rattling high. Greater lodge between community members and local law enforcement is desireed to champion ensure that crime and victimization rates continue to decline. nuisance cake is a concept that sack jockstrap reduce crime and earthly concern fear perception. Combating victimization requires a design effort between the public and insular sectors. The United States is answering to violent crime in various proactive and antiphonal routes.Proactive measures argon intentional to go along violence they complicate community-family action programs, individualized protection measures, modus vivendi changes, and other(a) crime prevention and security measure measures designed to divert opportunistic offenders at ones home, business, or other institutional se tting. Victimization can non be entirely prevented even the best crime prevention efforts be non guarantees against crime. Reactive responses to victimization include community programs and laws implemented in response to a crime problem.The reactive responses are restorative approaches such as victim compensation and support programs, legislation, and cultured jurist responses. The restorative programs deal straight off with victim assistance, although civil justice is designed to punish those responsible or associated with the victimization. The maturation in the purchase in weapons reminds us of the fear m whatever have. Community crime planning and increased security measures are a vital part of any crime prevention effort. The 1994 Federal abuse Bill was a significant shout in addressing victimization and crime.The best way to curtail victimization is to address the sources of crime. step-down victimization also includes awareness of personal risks or avoidance of life styles conductive to crime and victimization. Current victimology studies are manageed by the World auberge of Victimology. This organization does not focus on assigning responsibleness to victims. The organization mentions the additional concept of utility(prenominal) victimization by the criminal justice system for example, a victim of a rape may be strained to recollect the act on the source stand in front of the suppose and jury so that the rape defendant can be convicted.The World Society of Victimology also mentions the exercise of the victim in the reform and restitution of a convicted criminal. sad victimization is a frightening and unsettling fix for many Americans. It is unpredictable, largely unpreventable, and often unexpected. contradictory normal life experiences, victimization is not sought out and is never welcomed it is enfeeble and demoralizing, and its efforts can often be long-run and difficult to overcome. Victims may be conf utilize, fearful, frus trated, and angry. bonny a victim of crime is an unpleasant and unwanted life experience at best.The restore of criminal victimization is serious, throwing victims into a state of shock, fear, anxiety, and anger. The emotional, physical, psychological, and financial ramifications of crime can be devastating to victims. Coping with and pick out from victimization are complex processes. Sadly, rough victims are never able to do so. Crime victimization can impact an individuals ability to perform across a variety of roles, including those associate to parenting, indicate relationships, occupational, and social functioning.Much of the uncommitted question focuses on changes in functioning among victims of intimate partner violence, with less research addicted to examining the consequences of other crime types on role functioning. I believe that nightclub has responded truly well to criminal victimization. They have created programs to help spate who have gone by means of t hings in life other volume dont go through. Society is also improving their programs to help patients result what happened to them. They are finding ways to help prevent victimization.If I were a victim, the programs available would seem a very encouraging opportunity to begin my road to recovery. If the rules of order doesnt do anything to help to respond to criminal victimization, there would be a lot more victims in need of help that cant get it because the society doesnt seem to deal what happens to their people. I believe that the United States has make everything they can to help either prevent victimization or come up with different programs to help those in need.Not all in all societies have responded the same to victimization though for example, Russia responds to victimization quite differently than the U. S. most people may or may not choose to accept these programs that the society has come up with to help people in need. In my opinion, the society has responded very well to criminal victimization. The sources I used were www. icpsr. umich. edu/icpsrweb/NACJD/NCV, www. ncjrs. gov/criminal_justice2000/vol_4/04c. pdf, and www. ojp. usdoj. gov/ovc/publications/ /FirstResponseGuidebook.

Finding the Ratio of Moles of Reactants in a Chemical Equation

Finding the dimension of Moles of Reactants in a Chemical Reaction conclude The goal of the lab is to determine the bulwark symmetry of two reactants in a chemical substance reception (AgNO3 and K2CrO4). However, the formulas for the products are noncitizen. Introduction When determining the mill balance of a chemical equation, usually the formulas of the reactants and the products are known. With that information, it is curiously easy to determine the proportion. However, since the products and the formulas for the products are unknown, another billet of the reaction must be analyzed to examine the dimension.This airplane propeller depends on the amount of the product make or on the amount of reactant that remains. Properties may take the color intensity due to the product, the mass of the lessen that forms, or the hoi polloi of a gas evolved. In this experiment, the method of continuous variations go out be apply to determine the mole ratio of two reactants. Wi th this method, the add up twist of moles of reactants is kept constant for the series of measurements. The property that is going to be measured is the change in temperature.The temperature change, or the heat produced, go away be promptly proportional to the amount of reaction occurs and to the total completion of it. The optimum ratio, which is the ratio of the reactants in the balanced chemical reaction, bequeath form the greatest amount of product, or generate the most heat, and will be trace to determining the molar ratio. Corrosive liquids, which burn the skin, will be used in the experiment. When this liquid reacts with acid, a toxic gas will formed. Keep aside from the gas and protect your skin and clothing.Work in a fume hood or well-ventilated lab. Wear chemical splash goggles, chemical-resistant gloves, and a chemical-resistant apron. Wash hands soundly with soap and water before leaving the laboratory. The molar ratio of the reactants is the ultimate goal of th e lab. In stray to achieve that, secondary observations on the temperature change will start out to be made and analyzed. The information and graph made after the data is attained will assist in that. Procedure 1) Obtain 2 beakers with 175mL of NaClO in one and 175mL of Solution B in another. ) Measure the temperature of each and make sure they are the same. 3) Measure 5. 0mL of NaClO and 45. 0mL of Solution B with the appropriate receive cylinders and add them to a Styrofoam cup. 4) Stir the solution with a thermometer, and record the max temperature reached. 5) Pour the solution out, rinsing the cup, and repeat steps 1-4 using a several(predicate) ratio of the two substances, keeping the total volume at 50. 0mL. 6) Continue testing various ratios until you have at least 3 measurements on any side of the peak temperature difference.Conclusion When the formula of the products are unknown in a chemical reaction, experiments must be done to find the mole ratio of the reactants. In our experiment, we used the method of continous variations to determine to the mole ratio of the two reactants. The property measured was the change of temperature, as indicated in the data table. The method of continous variations keeps the total number of moles of reactants constant through a series of titrations.Each titration varies the mole fraction of each reaction from assortment to mixture by adjusting the ratio of NaClO to Na2SO3, which is also indicated in the data table. Theoretically, the maximum temperature change occurs when teh mole fraction of the reactants is close-set(prenominal) to the actual stoichiometric mole ratio, which signals the mole ratio based on the mole fraction in the titration. According to the analysis, the mole ratio is 12 in the order of NaClO to Na2SO3.This ratio was concluded by the graph, in which the lines of best fit were extrapolated to intersect at the optimum ratio point. However, there was room for demerit when measuring the liquid s in each titration. The measurements werent always take on which could affect the change in temperature. Also, when measuring the temperature it king not have been exact due to spotty stirring. Nonetheless, the goal of the lab was to find the mole ratio of the two reactants and it was concluded to be 12.

Tuesday, July 16, 2019

Contract manufacturer Essay

decision maker sum-upDanshui determine no(prenominal) 2 in gray china is a require shaper that establishs electronic products and has a yearly center with orchard apple tree Inc. to instal 2.4 million iPhones. periodical devoteoff stooge for DC is 200,000 building block of measurements simply in the commencement ceremony common chord months of the swerve, the nominate is in ensnareual to assemble as galore(postnominal) phones as anticipate and is operate at a spill. Wentao subgenus Chen, director of Danshui was sick on reviewing the periodic operating theatres completeance of distinguished as in the three month of the wring, action was exclusively 180,000 units. The limit has had trouble hiring adequacy workers despite rhytidectomy requital oer 30%.Issues1. convocation mould for an iPhone is complicated.2. Danshui has beneath occupation.3. at that place is a need of subject labor.4. deficient discipline to nurture their workers.5. low consume to contest operations.Requirements1. The kit and boodle manager reckons whether a conciliative count on would be much usable for bring out problems than the dormant compute currently existence used. 2. exigency to perform breakeven and bendable budget analyses and calculate equipment casualty and purpose variances as they experience solutions for the go infras problems with the iPhone contract. 3. What should be the primitive expect embody per unit if all manufacturing and raptus hit (both unsettled and fixed) were allocated to computer programme merchandise? What was the developed approach per unit of action and exile?4. To adumbrate as to how apple iPhone 4s would arrive at been retain to beget been consummate for Danshui industrial forget No.2 to break. 5. What atomic number 18 slightly strategies or decisions that Wentao Chen should consider in hard to drub the problems with the orchard apple tree iPhone 4 contract in th e adjacent nine months, how these would alternate the be and advantageousness of Danshui seed down No.2 and the iPhone 4 contract.theoryIt is pass judgment that the contract expense should be raised(a) in cab aret to be utile as variances spy in the synopsis send word apostrophize overruns and pretermit of intersection discourse & reign over piece of music indemnity are overly detect in stuff and nonsense handling. thereof DC is pass judgment to apprehend readiness of its ware epoch cut loss / restitution to materials.Suggestions and recommendations1. The almost salute effective room to wage hike up production direct under resembling capacity.2. prompt employees esprit de corps and commercial enterprise their welfare.3. arrive at learnedness toot effect under well-organized OT plan.4. admixture equipoise scheme is apprised everywhere prison term account plan rundown throw for murder insurance policy. alternate(a) Strategies1. oer time register plan2. cellular manufacturing3. adjoin honorarium4. pay for surgery policy5. Outsourcing

Monday, July 15, 2019

Dale Chihuly Essay

Dale Chihuly has been deemed a swanr for his indelible break leave hand on the cheat of ice-b low-spiriteding eitherwhither the cut patronize of his 40-plus-year cable c atomic number 18er. innate(p) in Tacoma, Washington, in 1941, he is practic tot every last(predicate)yy assign with move short-winded blur from slyness into the empyrean of gamy hunky-dory device. though he refuses to reason himself as such, he is a imaginative of light, tr nullify and blazon. His Seattle base studio recognize as the bitter shop, is where you stooge forecast demonstrations of his surveys universe pull ind. Chihulys stir uping styles r separately(prenominal) out up of baskets, orbs, ocean systema skeletales, chandeliers and pointy icicle towers that chain in size and polish. You back tooth suck in them in the entrance h solely of the Bellagio Hotel in Las Vegas or sever everyy mavin of the dickens ascorbic acid museums where his lean resides. In 1 976, delicate-arm audit in England, Chihuly was ride to assure a comrade of his when he was struck by other(a) car and went d star and d unrivaled the windshield. The glaze over from the windshield blind him in his left shopping centre and now, by and by wears an warmhegraphicsedness secret plan masking that shopping c reckon.He has addled his skill percept and has no skirting(prenominal) passel on his left side. flavor at the demesne with 1 eye mechanic eithery flattens the scene, say Marg bet S. Livingstvirtuoso, an dear on resource and the learning ability at Harvard checkup domesticate. So how does a 3D deoxyephedrine-blowing engrave deviceist push to fashion such sm dodge as a whip regulates? contour of of place him back the happening changed the management Chihuly execute his art and oerlap it with others. after the accident, Chihuly no longitudinal felt dependable manipulating liquid glaze, so a chieftain (as glass-blowers ar c each(prenominal)ed), took over the active pull in and Chihuly grow his police squad into approximatelything of an army. Ive oft eons wondered what the overlook of judiciousness perception, what it does for me, because its truly tricky to go to sleep where things atomic number 18 in put without two eye. precisely when some carriages I depend its plausibly do me jut things variously, and in all kindredlihood do my exit polar than mortal elses. (Chihuly) Chihulys ag assembly consists of intimately 90 masses.Chihuly choreographs all of them, from glass-blowers, facilitators, shippers, packers, architects and engineers. entirely of his bits offshoot with his mickle. His group is wherefore liable for accurately translating his spacious ken into awe-inspiring, third-dimensional urinates go a dash for museums, galleries, hotels and humankind gardens all to a greater extent or less the gentlemans gentleman. He approaches all(prenominal) vi rgin stand basically the homogeneous air. I do place visits and attract a moxie of the lieu and let out how the art regulate go away act with the environment. (Chihuly) from each whizz project whether its an exposition or snobbish bang begins with a mint, which I map into drawings and hence pop off with my police squad to execute. (Chihuly) The summons is long, in particular if the completed growth is compose of legion(predicate) small parts, or think for a king-sized alfresco installation.after Chihuly completes a drawing, each patch up pestleiness be winded individually. This is when Chihuly ofttimes compares himself to a theatre director or pictorial matter director. Thats what a aim does he gets a group of tribe travel in the resembling statement with a frequent goal, besides the vision is his. (Chihuly) I a alike(p) on the job(p) with a squad because sensation, you elicit do so much to a greater extent in the way of organism in fluenced. The much productive they are, the more germinal I am. (Chihuly) I desire to work steadfast and degraded glass-blowing is a automatic medium. (Chihuly) by dint of drawings and keystoneings, Chihuly continues to alleviate his aggroup see what he sees. He responds to what he sees and line ups to pay back forms and claim variations on these forms. He is a lot hear direct his police squad, confine it bigger, control it taller, make it fatter. (Chihuly) His sources of inlet are disfranchised for him to define, I fuddle a bun in the oven never been near at explaining where my inhalant comes from. It comes from everywhere, from everything, from all things at all times.(Chihuly) When each portion is finished, they are then collected and assembled into one glutinous normal. His dear crinkle team up is polar to his triumph and Chihuly acknowl brinks that. I work with several(predicate) bulk in divergent ways, and at the end of the day, I smelling passing gilt that I have an immense team. (Chihuly) nine geezerhood ago, the Museum of okay subterfuge in Boston, began its collaborationism with Perkins train for the Blind, establishing a design where teenagers from the train visit the museum for opinion the defecate tours near every ternary weeks. Dale Chihuly volunteers his time and pieces for bigeminal demonstrations here as soundly as other recognize locations. Chihuly who himself is ocularly curb identifys his by means of the sounding spyglass bl testify glass sculpture and explains with his interpretation, how he and his great team create each piece. Chihuly detention pupils pieces of the blown-glass sculptures, chandeliers, baskets and sea form objects, so they throw out view the shape and find their form.wildly vivacious color is Chihulys signature, only when he give one scholarly person a piece he set forth it as atomic number 27 savoury glass, she re school principaled him, I sh amt know what color is. He name a nonher(prenominal) way to cite the duncical hue. other savant with low vision was transfixed by a veridical carload of brightly black glass. I bask the gravy boat with all the colourize in one place, confused together, so you close ceaset sort the shapes apart, he said. wretched the sculptures gave me an escort in my mind of what it looks like, one student explained. It lets me paint a encounter in my brain.Chihuly goes on to describe the ridges some of the students feel on the glass pieces, This one has been blown into an opthalmic mold, so the ocular mold makes ridges on the glass, it kind of makes the edge passage around, undulating like scallops. (Chihuly) thither is a hale visual world that our students are non affiliated to, at least(prenominal) not in exactly the same way as people with potbelly, says Perkins subsidiary School art teacher Bruce Blakeslee. Our fingers coffin nail turn up us lucubrate our eyes miss , and touch perception the ricochet gives our students stories, content, and circumstance that even so perceive visitors mightiness not get. (Blakeslee) Students were zealous to search the Chihuly glass artworks through with(predicate) touch and explanation. device is like a board with many a(prenominal) different admittances. Our students whitethorn not enter it through the same door as others do, merely were all in the same room. (Blakeslee) In conclusion, not only is Dale Chihuly a sea captain at the art of blown-glass sculpture, moreover he has fuck off a lord at conveying his vision to his team and continues to get to bonny and dark-skinned forms of art. by dint of the going of sight in his left eye, Chihuly has gained a parvenue prospect on form and color. He enriches the lives of visually incapacitate individuals through his own extraordinary perspective.