Mooting Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Mooting - Case Study Example An expensive Olympus video camera disappeared during the guess stay at the hotel and the Hotel employees never notified the customer of the existence a safe service the firm had available to its clients for an extra monetary charge. When this occurred Peter felt the hotel was responsible for the loss of his property. The latter incident involved Peter purchasing a seafood meal in the Hotel's restaurant that caused to him to become sick due to food poisoning. The two combined incident made Peter an unsatisfied client that felt abused. Peter needs legal advice on what are his legal options in order to battle against the business that ruined his priceless vacation time. The Hotel Act 1956 established the parameters that protect the business owner from paying damages to the guess for loss of personal property. The general content of the act is geared towards protecting the business establishment, but it specifies the situations in which the hotel is liable irrelevant of the protection the Act itself provides for companies. The Act states that a hotel or the proprietor of a hotel shall not be liable as an innkeeper to make good to any traveler any loss or damage to personal property the client brought to the premises before or after the person check into the hospitality facilities (Statutelaw, 1991). The circumstances in which the hotel liable for the damage or loss of property of the guess are illustrated in the list below: When the property was stolen, loss or damage through the neglect, fault of the proprietors or any of his employees If the property in question was given to a hotel representative for safe custody such as safe deposit box and the item ended up loss or being damage in any way If at the time of arrival the guess house refused to accept a specific item to be placed in safe custody and the item ended up being stolen or damage during the guess stay in the premises (Statutelaw, 1991). A second law provides the guidelines and legal basis in the case of property loss or damage in a case such as the Peter v McGregor is the Occupiers Act of 1957. The focus of this Act was to provide protection to the customer instead of the business owner in transactions involving the rent of a room in a guess house or hotel. The Occupiers Act of 1957 establishes the parameters to determine liability of occupiers and others for injury or damage resulting to a person or goods lawfully on any land or other property from damages dangers due to the state of the property or to things done to it (Statutelaw, 1991). This Act mentions property damage while in the premises of a hotel, but it does not go into any specifics and simply provides a general overview of such a situation without itemizing which situation the guess has the legal right to obtain an economic remuneration for any potential loss of property. In Donoghue v Stevenson the plaintiff suffered emotional, property and bodily harm due to the product the individual purchased from the company accused of the negligence. In the month of April of 1929 Mrs. Mary M'Alister knows as Donoghue accused David Stevenson, a water manufacturer of negligence due to

E-commerce LAW Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

E-commerce LAW - Essay Example In ecommerce transactions, the customer would be able to see the product only after it reaches his home. On the other hand, if the customer purchases a product from the shop, he can physically check the performance or quality of the product before purchasing. Moreover, instant purchasing is impossible with internet purchasing. A customer has to wait a lengthy period for the arrival of the product if he/she opts for internet purchasing. On the other hand, purchasing from stores will help the customers to own the product immediately after the payment is made. Another major drawback associated with ecommerce is the difficulties in returning a defective good. In conventional purchasing, if a product found defective, the customer can immediately return or replace it. On the other hand, ecommerce do not offer such convenience to the customers. Even though human interactions are available while executing an internet purchase, personal service cannot be expected as in the case of purchasing a product from a store. â€Å"E-commerce is most often conducted using credit card facilities for payments, and as a result very small and very large transactions tend not to be conducted online† (Ecommerce disadvantages and constraints, n. d.). Most of the ecommerce purchasing are done with the help of the credit cards. But giving or revealing credit card numbers to a distant dealer through internet is not safe. Hackers are hyperactive on internet so that the credit card numbers used for purchasing products through internet can be easily exploited by

Poetry Analysis Comparison

Poetry Analysis Comparison Compare and contrast the portrayal of strong emotions in the poems War Photographer, A Mother in a Refugee Camp, Do Not Go Gentle into that Good Night and with referenced to: Dulce et Decorum Est , Stealing and The Soldier. The poems War Photographer by Carol Ann Duffy, A Mother in a Refugee camp by Chinua Achebe and Do Not Go Gentle into that Good Night by Dylan Thomas although they may first seem to have a little in common. However, these three poems are literally very different, in both their historical and social context, yet they are all linked by the same theme Strong Emotion. Strong emotion is a major feeling which can be in any form and can take place at any time. Furthermore this can be a bond in which people help each other to go through suffering and hardships. This essay will mainly concentrate on how each poem conveys the strong personal emotions of the poet through literary devices. In addition to the poems from the anthology, three poems have also been chosen for comparison. These are: Dulce et Decorum Est by Wilfred Owen, Stealing by Carol Ann Duffy and The Soldier by Rupert Brooke. In War Photographer, Carol Ann Duffy discusses the death caused by wars. She writes with strong emotions to convince the reader how horrific a war can be and can lead to endless misery. And through the poem she has use a metaphor he a priest preparing to intone a mass to compare the character as a priest showing how sorrowful the photographer is. Moreover he takes photos during wars which allows him to past on messages to other people about the victims like preaching. Furthermore, the comparison of the photographer and the priest also shows the job the photographer is doing is seem to be very sacred and he takes a high responsibility for this mission. In addition to the metaphor she has used an alliteration spools of suffering to show how much suffering has happened over time and these events can be as long as a spool. And by comparing the time with a spool it also helps set out each event chronologically. In addition the s sound from the alliteration also shows how much picture ther e are and the amount of suffering going on around the world. Moreover, using the technique listing Belfast. Beirut. Phenom Penh. the pauses from this phrase make the reader think about the past events and the list of victims who have died in the past during the war in these places. And this helps to make the reader to consider about the roll of honor for the people. And with the literature devices use from the poem we can understand how the poet has shown her sorrow towards the victims in the wars. In Dulce et Decorum Est, Wilfred Owen has described a gas attack during World War One with his strong emotions. He is strongly denying the concept of serving your country is glorious. The language used in the section about the gas attack represents both the pain of the victims from the gas attack and the effect on those who have seen the scene. Watch the white eyes writhing in his face By using the alliteration and put emphasis to the w sound it is able to reflect the suffering of the gas victims. This imagery is very powerful because we can imagine the change in the victims face and it also suggests that war is cruel and is a waste of young peoples life. Likewise, both poets from War Photographer and Dulce et Decorum Est were disturb by the scenes from wars however Wilfred Owen only wrote about the gas attack which most disturbed him and Carol Ann Duffy wrote the whole poem based on wars in general. Similarly, in Do Not Go Gentle into that Good Night the poet Dylan Thomas has mentioned about death with strong emotions. However in this poem the relationship is between a son and a father. Dylan Thomas is trying to encourage his father to continue his life instead of showing the weaknesses of human race in War Photographer. And by doing so, a large variety of literacy techniques were used. The iambic pentameter was used throughout the poem which can give a regular beat and rhythm to the readers; this can then help to persuade his father to fight death since the iambic pentameter can give out a continuous sense to the reader. It is like a heart beat which encourages his father to live. In addition to that, assonance was also used. age, rare, day gives out hard sounds when read out which can enhance the effect of iambic pentameter, these punchy sounds also help giving out a stronger rhythm for the poem to increase the sense of persuasion and help amplify the message given to the fath er. Along with the assonance there was also repetition within the poem do not go gentle into that good night. This metaphor was used many times, where good night is compared to death because at the night time people go to sleep which makes a good comparison for passing away. This then help to tell his father not to give up easily and to fight with all his might. Again this is used to give out a stronger sense of persuasion for his father. Furthermore, from the personification old age should burn Dylan Thomas is trying to suggest old people should still have the spirit to fight for their life and shouldnt die so easily and with such apathy. This is very different to War Photographer because Dylan Thomas is showing his angry rejection towards death where else Carol Ann Duffy is depress from the victims of war. And from the techniques used in this poem we can understand the poets strong emotions towards the horrible death and the old age people losing will to live. In Stealing, Carol Ann Duffy also based this poem with the theme of strong emotion by using symbolization. The snowman, stands as a symbol for the loneliness of the characters situation. Because the character destroys the snowman booted him. Again. Again. it is also a symbol to indicate how violent the speaker is. These symbols are powerful because readers are shown the speakers loneliness, where he/she needs to steal a snowman as a mate to escape loneliness. Similarly, in do not go gentle into that good night the poet is affected by the strong emotions because his father is dying and because of the grief it has cause Dylan Thomas to drink more than usual. In comparison to the others, A mother in a refugee camp discusses more about love during a war. When the mother is trying to take care of her son in a refugee camp, every step they take is very important to them because one would die at anytime. And from the structure of poem, we could see that there is only one whole continuous stanza and only two long sentences which connotes there is no end to suffering during that time and death is unavoidable. In addition this long, complex, multi-clause sentence suggests the long, drawn-out suffering of someone dying from starvation. The alliteration behind blown-empty bellies shows the scene of a baby in a refugee camp. The vowel sounds e, i, o and the alliteration b sound suggest the emptiness of the childrens stomachs. How the baby is suffering from long term starvation causing his abdominal to raise up, which can then suggest the baby itself would suffer from death at any moment. There is also an irony, these bellies look full but in realit y they are empty. Additionally , the juxtaposition The air was heavy help connotes how bad the situation is within the refugee camp, with the lack of hygiene it will increase the death numbers of people this can then suggest people should value every single moment of their life because many people are currently dying within the camp. This juxtaposition is very powerful because the unpleasant sensory appeal towards the smell is very strong. The comparatives from the poem In their former life this was perhaps a little daily act of no consequences this mother, despite the imminent death of her son, is still lavishing love on him, by combing his hair. This again shows how deadly the situation is, where a close family member might die in any minute, therefore they need to treasure every time they have together in the refugee camp. Here the poet is describing the famine caused by war (Biafran War) in his native Nigeria. His detailed description illustrates his outrage at the suffering cause by war. And this strong emotion from the poet is effectively passed on to the readers by these literary devices. Similarly, in Do Not Go Gentle into that Good Night Dylan Thomas has demonstrated his rage towards the old people who accepts death which shows both of the poets has the same strong emotions and is effectively passed on towards the readers. In The Soldier, Rupert Brooke writes about a soldier who loves his own country. And if he should die in a far away battlefield people should still recognize him as a British. Showing how much faith the soldier has towards his country. Washed by the rivers, blest by suns of home. This strong image creates a sense of peacefulness and a unity with nature. This shows England to be more superior to other places. And force readers to see the place in the same light as the poet. In contrast, in A mother in a refugee camp, people were forced to die, however in The Soldier there was an option for the person to choose, making the situation not as difficult. In conclusion, from the research conducted for the three poems, we can see that these poets have used a variety of structural and literary devices to highlight the power of strong emotions behind each poem. From War Photographer, Carol Ann Duffy has covey the misery cause by war in a very emotional way. As well as in Do Not Go Gentle into that Good Night the theme was also strong emotions however the idea of the poem was different. Likewise in A Mother in a Refugee Camp strong emotions was also the main theme of the poem. Therefore, strong emotions were the main theme of all three poems and it has provokes a deep emotional response from the readers.

Symbolism in The Farming of Bones by Edwidge Danticat Essay -- Farming

Symbolism in The Farming of Bones by Edwidge Danticat   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Edwidge Danticat's novel, The Farming of Bones is an epic portrayal of the relationship between Haitians and Dominicans under the rule of Generalissimo Rafael Trujillo leading up to the Slaughter of 1937. The novel revolves around a few main concepts, these being birth, death, identity, and place and displacement. Each of the aspects is represented by an inanimate object. Water, dreams, twins, and masks make up these representations. Symbolism is consistent throughout the novel and gives the clearly stated and unsophisticated language a deeper more complex meaning. While on the surface the novel is an easy read, the symbolism which is prominent throughout the novel complicates the audience's interpretation. The reader is left to look beyond the language and uncover the underlying themes of the novel. Through symbolism Danticat is able to use inanimate objects to represent each of her character's more deeply rooted problems. In order to prove this theory true, I w ill thoroughly examine the aforementioned symbolic devices and provide a clear interpretation of their significance in the novel.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The first example of symbolism we encounter is in the first chapter and comes in the form of dreams. When Amabelle and Sebastian open up to one another it is through their shared experiences, which are most usually, their dreams. They are able to be the most themselves when they are not in real life experiences, though it sounds like an oxymoron, the juxtapose between dreams and reality says a great deal about the characters. Dreams are essentially escapes from reality, and when Amabelle and Sebastian share their dreams with one another it serves as an escape. It becomes clear that they share the desire to escape, but escape from what exactly, their pasts, presence, or futures? This implication of escape prepares readers for the escapes made by the lovers near the end of the story. On page 2 Amabelle says of her nocturnal escapes, "It's either be in a nightmare or be nowhere at all. Or otherwise simply float inside these remembrances, grieving for who I was, and e ven more for what I've become." This quotation implies that that even her life has become a nightmare. Readers can infer that a good night's sleep would be Amabelle's only chance of escape. Her nightmares are destroying her life, and her life... ...he offered it to him.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Farming of Bones is not only an amazing work of literature, but a wonderful example of post-colonial literature. It has all the classic experiential images; dualism, confrontation, liberation, and identity.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The presence of symbolism throughout the novel is undeniable. Each of the symbols in the work are representative of a certain aspect of the characters lives. Dreams showed readers the desire of characters to escape their realities. The twins that Senora Valencia gives birth to are clearly meant to represent the neighboring nations of Haiti and The Dominican Republic. Water is primarily symbolic of life and death, but in this case readers are expected to come to their own conclusions regarding the river. Using these symbols allows the author to make discrete yet important additions to her writing without disrupting the format of the novel. Aside from serving as a benefit to the authors writing style, they can also be seen as an artistic addition which brings the entire novel to a different level. The use of symbolism in The Farming of Bones is not only extraordinarily well written but also completely essential to the story as a whole.

The Haunted Resort (English Creative Writing Coursework)

It was one o'clock when I finally arrived at the Marigold's Mansion Resort. I am so excited to be here, to get away from home and the office for a few days, even though I so am spooked out to be staying in this haunted hotel. But, like Susie advised, I can't keep writing websites about haunted hotels without actually staying in one and experiencing ghosts. So, this is it. My first haunted hotel. I was horrified at the sight of the man at the desk. His bushy eyebrows and grey, shaggy hair made him look as if he might be a werewolf. He told me that the hotel was originally the home of John and Mary Marigold, but it had to be rebuilt after it was burned down. Apparently, Mary decided to leave John and locked him out of the home and, furious, set fire to the house. I guess he thought burning the house down would force her to come out and see him, but she got stuck inside or something and couldn't save herself. He had to rush in to try and save her and they both died a â€Å"flaming agonizing death†, as the check-in guy said. The hotel was rebuilt to look like the original, with a steep roof and fancy architecture. The room is old-fashioned. Most of the furniture is wooden, like the doors, windows and even the toilet seat. It makes me feel at home, with blankets and pillows scattered around the room. Some old family photographs have even been left out on the desk, including a man with dark, sad-looking eyes and a weird fringe, hugging a laughing blonde, young girl. I quickly turned them over. It almost felt as if they were staring at me. Anyway, have to go to bed now. Hope I can find more evidence for the existence of ghosts tonight so I can finish writing the website and want to get up early to tour the hotel tomorrow morning at 8am. Report # 105 Date: 15th November 2008 Location: Marigold Mansions Resort Arrived at the resort at 1900 hours. The man at the desk looks like an actor from a bad horror movie and would not be surprised if he puts on a white sheet and runs around trying to scare guests at night. He gave me the background story – wife wants to leave husband, husband gets jealous and burns down house, and dies in romantic attempt to save wife. How scary. Looks like they have rebuilt the house, to look like the original one before it burnt down. It's Mock Tudor with steep pitched roofs and mullioned windows, looks quite pretty. This feels like all the other ‘haunted' hotels I have investigated – isolated, in the middle of nowhere, always ready to scare people. The room looks as if someone knitted it, with blankets and pillows everywhere. A pile of photographs on the desk – a bunch of smiling people. I guess it was designed to scare us, and give us the feeling that someone is watching us, but why chose cheery people, grinning to the camera? They look way more joyful than my own family. Pictures of a blonde, laughing woman, being hugged by another man who looks so gloomy seem way too happy to be in this gloomy, ‘haunted' room. Diary – 16th November, 2008 Last night was the night I had prepared myself for! Heard continuous knocking, but was too petrified to get up and open the door. The knocking grew louder but I just tried to ignore it. Pulled the covers over my head and that was when I heard a creak. I saw the door open and close. Questions formed in my mind. â€Å"Was the knocking the knocking of the man? Is he in the room?† Wonder if it was a fight between the ghost couple – the man trying to get in and the wife forcing him back out. Should add this to the website. The hotel is immense, with photos everywhere, nailed to the walls and doors. Got the creeps when looking at them. There are a lot of rooms in the resort, and all, except one, have wooden doors. According to the tour guide, the room with a steel door used to be the couple's bedroom, the only room not destroyed completely in the fire. After the disaster, no one has slept in the bed ever since. So, went in to explore, and since it was daylight, couldn't sense any ghosts lurking around. The bedroom is twice as big and neat as my own room back home and the walls inside are painted white, the bed looks very comfy and a cover white in colour with small pink roses sewn on was lying on top of the bed. It didn't seem as if John and Mary had slept in this room before. Report # 106 Date: 16th November 2008 Location: Marigold Mansions Resort Something that sounded like knocking could be heard last night. Was typing up the report when situation occurred. Immediately went to check whether the check-in guy was tapping on the door. I looked for hidden knockers or any gadgets that might be placed to produce the sound of a knock on a door. Found out later that it was the heating system with air trapped in it that was making the noise. Doors seemed to be opening and closing as well. It could be either the open window that caused the door to slam shut or the wood expanding and contracting repeatedly, not quite sure which. Old buildings often creak, and only superstitious people find it haunted. If I was meant to be scared because there was a ‘ghost', I was never afraid. Went out for a walk this morning, and enjoyed the bright sunshine. Breakfast was scrambled eggs with toast and there was cereal as well. Drank orange juice that tasted more like water. Next to the dining room was a door made of steel. Seems to be the only door that is not wooden. Opened it and saw a king-sized bed with two pillows and a duvet that looked as soft as silk. In the corner of the room was a wardrobe as tall as me. Could not open it. On the left side of the bed, there was another room. This door was made of a different type of wood – walnut wood, I'm assuming – than the other doors, which are made of old cherry wood. I opened the door and inside was a bathroom. It was like a proper hotel. It had a proper toilet made of shiny, white plastic and a shower, with a gold handle. The tap was gold too, and as I admired its beauty, I saw the word ‘Marigold' carved in the gold. Rich people†¦ Diary – 20th November, 2008 Yesterday night was one of the most horrifying nights I have ever experienced in my entire life! When I was in the shower, I saw a tall shadow outside, pacing backwards and forwards. It made me jump, my heart nearly leapt out of my body. I was so shocked I could feel myself shivering, and hid myself behind the curtains in the shower. Then, just when I was about to fall asleep last night, I heard voices. These voices sounded like someone was crying, not out of agony, but out of grief. The sound made every single piece of hair on my body stand upright, and for a few seconds I could not move or even breathe. I hid myself under the covers, panicking. Many pictures popped into my mind, ones of a man feeling guilty, trying his best to save someone. The voices never died down until the sun came out. Went out for a walk this morning, trying to forget last night's shock. When I reached the garden behind the resort, I saw a statue of a man. It felt as if he was staring at me, watching all of my moves. I dashed away immediately from the artificial man, kicking the scary feeling out of my mind. I walked towards the pond in front of the resort and saw some pretty ducklings as well as many fish swimming freely. Looking at these happy animals, the hotel did not seem as scary to me, in the day. Report #107 Date: 20th November 2008 Location: Marigold Mansions Resort Found it hard to sleep well last night. Saw shadows strolling outside. When I opened the door in curiosity, wanting to see who it was, no one was there. I looked left and right only to see that the shadow there a few seconds ago, had vanished. Looked for gadgets that make people hallucinate, to achieve the ‘haunted' effect. Thought over the scene in my mind – no one can run away as fast as that. Perhaps it was the shadow of a vehicle passing? Soon after, the wind began to blow really hard. I got up to shut the windows but the wind just blew harder, banging on the glass used to make the windows. Woke up at 1000 hours today. Noise finally died down at around 0535 hours. Lunch was spaghetti bolognaise which tasted quite diluted. There was a lot of spaghetti but a very small amount of sauce on top. After lunch, went upstairs for a look. Nothing interesting upstairs, just 13 identical guest rooms. Went outside for some fresh air and saw fish and ducks in a pond nearby – looks joyful, outside a ‘haunted' resort. Diary – 21st November, 2008 When I first arrived, I hoped to see a ghost. What a foolish thing to wish for! My dream turned into a nightmare last night. At midnight, suddenly a bright light from the old lamp on the desk began shining into my eyes. Seeing such an ancient lamp turn on unexpectedly, I screamed the loudest scream ever. I was so afraid. The sudden flame produced shadows across the room and for a second I saw a face, the face from the photographs. Was the ghost angry again, and trying to set something on fire? Then, I heard a heart pounding. It could've been mine, but it seemed quite far away, yet gradually getting louder. The lamp light grew brighter and a tall man with dark eyes was suddenly in front of me, holding a bright lamp. He dropped the lamp and a fire spread across the floor. The man moaned. He had a special fringe that I recognized from then photos on the desk. The fire began to burn the walls and I must have passed out because the next thing I remember that happened was waking up to a sunny morning, in a clean room. Report #108 Date: 21st November 2008 Location: Marigold Mansions Resort Am extremely puzzled. I need to get out of here. Went to bed at 2330 hours because I felt exhausted. At exactly 0000, a bright orange coloured light suddenly shone into my eyes. I opened my eyes, thinking it was the sun coming out, but the light seemed to be coming from an antique lamp. I checked before and there was no battery or electric cable supplying the lamp with electricity. Had to be honest I was frightened and could not understand what was making the lamp brighten? I was confused. This time, I had no answer to this situation. A moment later, I heard a loud and deafening scream. I know the noise could not be a gadget in this room because the sound seemed far away. Suddenly, the lamp fell on the floor and it seemed as if a fire was spreading. In the sudden bright light, I thought I saw a woman appear in front of the desk. She had blonde, wavy hair and was wearing a dress. I recognized her from the picture on the desk. Why was I imagining such things when I know ghosts do not even exist? Was I drugged? The more I think about it, the more confused I get. The woman in the picture must have sneaked into my room and set the trick up. But how? Something must be happening to me. Why can't I find a good explanation for this? Need to leave now and see a doctor before my condition gets worse.

The Sociological Perspective

Know the assumptions of structural-functional, conflict, and symbolic interaction theories. Review the contributions of Augusta Comet, Herbert Spencer, Karl Marx, 6. Mile Drummers, Max Weber, Harriet Martinets, Jane Addams, and W. E. B. Dubos. Review the development of sociology in the United States. 8. Review the process of the three types of research discussed in the textbook. 9. Outline the steps in the scientific method of research. 10. Differentiate between the following concepts: variable, independent and dependent variables, and control variables. 11. 12. 13.Explain the importance of operational De Discuss what a sample is in survey research. Explain the advantages and disadvantages of controlled experiments, survey research, and participant observation. Do you every wonder why people in the Midwest drive pick-ups and the people in China want a bicycle? Do you ever think about why people were glued to their televisions when the World Trade Center Towers were destroyed by terro rists? Do you ever watch people at a ballgame or at a shopping mall? Have you ever wondered why these people behave as they do? Do you ask yourself why you make some of the decisions that you do?If you see influences from family, friends, co-workers, and the kind of economy hat we live in, then you are practicing sociology. Sociology is concerned with the groups, large and small, that we are a part of and how they influence our behavior. Sociology is one part of the social sciences. The social sciences are a related group of disciplines that study some aspect of human behavior. The differences are in the focuses. As examples, psychology focuses on such areas as the personality, the brain, and how we learn. History and political science study past events, government structures, and current affairs to understand our behavior.Economics includes areas such as supply and emend, government policies, and occupational trends. Anthropology focuses on cultures and how they determine certain b ehaviors. Sociology can be explained by the updated version of an old story titled: The Elephant Story. It goes as follows: It is said that in the recent past five wise men and women, all blindfolded, were led to an elephant. Each was asked to explain what they â€Å"saw†. The first, a psychologist, feeling the top of the head, said, â€Å"This is the only thing that counts. All feeling and thinking takes place inside here.To understand this beast, we need study only this. The second, an anthropologist, tenderly touching the trunk and the tusks, said, â€Å"This is really primitive. I feel very comfortable here. Concentrate on these. † The third, a political scientist, feeling the gigantic ears, said, â€Å"This is the power center. What goes in here controls the entire beast. Concentrate your studies here. † The fourth, an economist, feeling the mouth, said, this is what counts. What goes in here is distributed throughout the body. Concentrate your studies on this. Then came the sociologist (OF course! , who, feeling the entire body, said, You can't understand the beast by concentrating only one part. Each is but part of the whole. The head, the trunk and tusks, the ears, the mouth – all are important. And so are the parts of the beast that you haven't even mentioned. We must remove our blindfolds so we can see the larger picture. We have to see the larger picture. We have to see how everything works together to form the entire animal. Pausing for emphasis, the sociologist added, â€Å"And we also need to understand how this creature interacts with similar creatures, HOW does their life in groups influence their behaviors? I wish I could conclude this fable by saying that the psychologist, the anthropologist, the political scientist, and the economist, dazzled upon hearing the wisdom of the sociologist, amidst gasps of wonderment threw away their blindfolds, and joining together, began to examine the larger picture. But, alas, an d alack! Upon hearing this sage advice, each stubbornly bound their blindfolds even tighter to concentrate all the more on the single part. And if you listened very, very carefully you could even hear them saying, â€Å"Don't touch the tusks. † ‘take your hand off the ears. â€Å"Stay away room the mouth – that's my area. † Sociology, however, includes all of these areas of study and is probably the broadest of all of the social sciences. The main difference is that sociology focuses on the effects of groups on our actions and decisions. Sociology views behavior as resulting from all of the various influences that these disciplines specifically study. Certainly living in an industrial/technological society affects our motivations and our occupational choices. World War II affected how we view women in the labor force today. Telecommunications have influenced our current work patterns.These are a few examples that demonstrate the effects of our society on b ehavior. Sociology is defined as the systematic study of human social interaction. This means how we interact with persons in any group setting. Most of us follow patterns in our behaviors (think about your morning routines, are they usually the same? ) and this allows sociologists to learn something about our behavior. Sociologists try to describe and to explain behavior. They are people watchers – looking for patterns of behavior which allows sociologists to predict trends in behavior to help determine better social policies.However, sociologists realize that people change which requires that our predictions be tenuous. Never the less, sociologists want to develop a body Of reliable knowledge that can be applied to make our lives more understandable. Sociologists explain behavior through the concepts of structure and roles. Structure is much like a framework or script that guides our behavior. Roles, on the other hand, fit into a structure and deal with how we should perfor m. In a basketball game, rules serve to give the game structure. Everyone who plays knows or should know the rules of the game. This allows everyone to now how to behave and what to expect.

How to Prepare for NaNoWriMo Shaelins Top Tips

How to Prepare for NaNoWriMo Shaelins Top Tips How to Prepare for NaNoWriMo: Shaelin's Top Tips Shaelin Bishop is a writer, YouTuber, and a member of the team here at Reedsy. She’s also a veteran of the 30-day novel writing competition NaNoWriMo, having taken part in it for three years. In this lightly edited transcript of her video, she'll show you how to prepare for NaNoWriMo with her top ten tips. Step 1: Schedule in advanceOf course, with NaNoWriMo, there is the standard word count approach where you write 1,667 words per day. If you have a consistent schedule, you might be able to just write to this schedule. Every time I've done NaNoWriMo, however, I was a student in high school and had things due at different times, so my schedule was not that consistent at all. So, I found it more useful to kind of make my own schedule.If you have any questions, thoughts, or personal tips about preparing for NaNoWriMo, please share them in the comments below.

Quotes About the Meaning of Home

Quotes About the Meaning of Home Home sweet home, a place that gives you unconditional love, happiness, and comfort. It may be a place where you can bury your sorrows, store your belongings or welcome your friends. A happy home  doesnt require the trappings of opulence. Any place can be home as long as you are comfortable and secure there. If you are homesick or looking for a home of your own, these writers and thinkers can do wonders to lift your spirits. Jane Austen There is nothing like staying at home for real comfort. Vernon Baker Home is where the heart can laugh without shyness. Home is where the hearts tears can dry at their own pace. William J. Bennett Home is a shelter from storms - all sorts of storms. Sarah Ban Breathnach Be grateful for the home you have, knowing that at this moment, all you have is all you need. G.K. Chesterton ...the truth is that the home is the only place of liberty, the only spot on earth where a man can alter arrangements suddenly, make an experiment on indulging in a whim. The home is not the one tame place in a world of adventure; it is the one wild place in a world of rules and set tasks. Confucius The strength of a nation derives from the integrity of the home. Le Corbusier A house is a machine for living in. Charles Dickens Home is a name, a word, it is a strong one; stronger than magician ever spoke, or spirit ever answered to, in the strongest conjuration. Emily Dickinson Where thou art, that is home. Ralph Waldo Emerson The house is a castle which the King cannot enter. Benjamin Franklin A house is not a home unless it contains food and fire for the mind as well as the body. Billy Graham My home is in Heaven. Im just traveling through this world. Jerome K. Jerome I want a house that has got over all its troubles; I dont want to spend the rest of my life bringing up a young and inexperienced house. Joyce Maynard A good home must be made, not bought. Christian Morgenstern Home is not where you live but where they understand you. Kathleen Norris Peace - that was the other name for home. Pliny the Elder Home is where the heart is. Catherine Pulsifer Home is where we should feel secure and comfortable. Helen Rowland Home is any four walls that enclose the right person. William Shakespeare People usually are the happiest at home. Charles Swain Home is where theres one to love us. Mother Teresa Love begins by taking care of the closest ones - the ones at home. George Washington I had rather be on my farm than be emperor of the world. Angela Wood If you know youre going home, the journey is never too hard.

3 Things You Need to Do Before You Apply For a New Job

3 Things You Need to Do Before You Apply For a New Job If your current job isn’t keeping you challenged and on your toes, stepping out into the field might be a great idea. So take a deep breath, make sure you’re sure you want to quit  your job, and do the following three things. 1. Re-evaluate your current gigWhat did you love about this job? Can you remember why you were excited about it in the first place? What did you learn? These questions will help you to make the best choice about your next gig. By being honest about the good and bad aspects of your current job, you’ll know better what you’re really looking for with your next.2. Don’t burn any bridgesYou need to look for new connections and new mentors, but you also need to keep up the relationships you already have. Be as active as possible in recruiting new talent into your network, and getting yourself out there in your new industry or work group, but don’t let your existing network fizzle. You’ll never know when you might need those contacts.3. Come out in the openThe hardest part will be telling your current boss that you are leaving- or thinking about leaving. But it is much better to be up front about this. It’s the classy and professional move. Your boss will thank you for the lead time to fill your position- and a month to six weeks notice is much better than the standard two.As long as you’re honest with yourself and your current boss, you can walk clear-eyed and contented into your next opportunity.

Applied Social Marketing Project Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

Applied Social Marketing Project - Essay Example It is root to many other crimes that are being committed such as robbery, as addicts want money to purchase the drug, violence at home when they are under the effect of the drug and many more such crimes and acts of violence. Throughout the length of this paper, the details related to drug abuse have been discussed. The symptoms that we should look for in a person who is an addict are also mentioned. There are some causes as to why a person would take up the drug such as peer pressure, stress or even violence at home. These causes are looked into in this paper. We have justified our position as to stop the use of drugs through campaigns that should be launched to increase the awareness of the risks of using and drugs and the health problems that are associated with it. The paper is about social marketing; let's explain what social marketing is: social marketing is an approach through which we try and achieve a social good through behavioral goals which are clearly identified and explained. It is not only a short term process but it also looks at the long term and tries to solve the issue for a longer period of time. This is done by using marketing techniques which can help achieve the goal. There are six features of this approach: customer or customer orientation, behavior and behavior goals, intervention mix and marketing mix, audience segmentation, exchange and competition. The process involves stages which are: scope, develop, implement, evaluate and follow-up. (http://www.nsms.org.uk/public/default.aspxPageID=10) The social issue that we have focused upon in this paper is drug abuse; drugs are a chemical substance which affects the way a normal body operates. Drugs can be sniffed, smoked, licked and injected. There are many substances such as mushrooms and alcohol which can be confused as drugs because they also affect the way the body functions. The Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act definition of "drug" includes "articles intended for use in the diagnosis, cure, mitigation, treatment, or prevention of disease in man or other animals" and "articles (other than food) intended to affect the structure or any function of the body of man or other animals." (U.S. Food and Drug Administration, http://www.fda.gov/opacom/laws/fdcact/fdcact1.htm) Drug abuse is when the drugs are consumed more than the required amount and when they are consumed without any medical or health reason for consumption. Drug dependence can take three forms: tolerance, habit and addiction. Tolerance is when the body becomes used to a drug and to achieve the same effect we need to take higher and higher quantities of the drug. The condition worsens when the drug is used continuously for a long period of time. Withdrawal symptoms are experienced by the addict or dependent person when the use is stopped. Habit is when the person desires the drug. He physically may not require the drug but psychologically he wants to keep having it. The drug becomes a part of life; the person eventually may require the drug to function normally. Addiction is when the person starts to crave for the drug and existence without it seems impossible to the addict. Drugs can be classified into six types: The first type is alcohol and tobacco and their use is extensive by many people. They are consumed on a daily basis. The effect of these drugs starts to take place after consumption is continued for years. The second

Marketing Plan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 4

Marketing Plan - Essay Example The marketing efforts will comprise design contest entries, participating in trade shows and advertising in lifestyle magazines and industry (Pride, 2011). Product Strategy – business will be its own label which it puts on its grooming services. We will also market our partners services. We will provide loving and attending service to all pets being brought into our stores for grooming, training, or medical care. We will also steer away from the "warehouse" perspective and work to make our stores brighter and more attractive (Pride, 2011). Price Strategy: we will aggressively market our prices to be cheaper than independent pet shop tattlers and to compete against other well known boxes retailers and stores. Sales will be competitive, and we will have a supply discount card which provides more savings to the customers. We will also compare our competitors’ prices and ensure that our prices are either lower or the same price with better services. Regular customers may be offered special price tags as well as the customers who have docile and tolerable pets (Pride, 2011). Distribution (Place) Strategy: Stores will be well stocked with fresh - raw materials, and also products that provide animals with specific dietary needs (weight control, skin allergies, sensitive stomachs, urinary health, etc.) as well as natural, grain free products. Safe transport services will be provided in case of door to door pet collection and delivery (Pride, 2011). Promotion Strategy: Internet marketing, radio advertisements, television advertisements, word of mouth, public relations (through animal foster and animal shelters groups). In subsequent years, the business will expand its marketing endeavors to include individual consumers reachable through lifestyle magazine advertisement and through cable televisions, sponsoring pet competitions and shows and

Self-Portrait Collage Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Self-Portrait Collage - Essay Example From this paper it is clear that  the alternate images to complete the author's portrait served as metaphors or are symbols of how diversified or erratic he can get.   He has a lot of interest that occupy his thought and hopefully, the author was able to express that in the collage. In rendering the collage, he may be aware of color theory of how contrasting colors can highlight the other and how to achieve balance within the frame but he made some compromise to make the portrait more personal by allowing more spontaneity and self-expression in creating it.  Ã‚  This discussion declares that one of the famous collage artist who creates collage by various materials or images that can be found to enhance or create another image is Jacque Parsley of Mexico. His work such as the Smiling Kittie may seem incoherent as a portrait of a kitten but is nevertheless interesting to look at. The artist integrated seemingly incoherent images and even a number in the picture without regard to their placement but still, the image evoked interest from its audience. One can readily feel without understanding that Jacque Parsley enjoyed creating this image. The number 3 and the angel including the stamps and feather looked totally unrelated to the kitten but still they are a joy to look at. Personally, the author lend inspiration from Jacque Parsley of just enjoying in creating his self-portrait collage and he hope that the audience also enjoyed looking at it as much as he enjoyed doing it.

Kidnapping in Africa and control Research Paper

Kidnapping in Africa and control - Research Paper Example On the other hand, in the Niger Delta, schoolchildren are also victims of kidnapping. Noting that Nigeria will soon have its elections, it is an indication that with the rise of criminal acts and insecurity there is a possibility that the elections will fail to be free and fare. In the recent years, the state of Abia has had a plague of kidnapping, acts of hijacking and robbery. The only way that Nigerian government has been doing to ensure that such cases are curbed is by negotiating with the kidnappers to get back the victims and also the security forces have been involved in putting up new strategies to conquer the pervasive issue of kidnapping. In addition, the police forces are being trained to enhance their knowledge and skills to decisively deal with the kidnappers across Nigeria.The governments have a tendency of blaming the pervasive kidnapping wave away from the Niger Delta as a result of the increasing rates of unemployment across the country. The African continent is the challenge with kidnapping cases since the police force is ineffective and corrupt. Furthermore, the police forces are inadequately equipped to stem such crimes and the relationship that exists between the kidnappers and politicians as well. These elements, however, seem to be more signs of a wide malaise, for instance, pervasive kidnapping is a major symptom failed and failing country. This feature is common in countries which are failing or had failed like Columbia since 1970s to 2000.... On the other hand, in the Niger Delta, schoolchildren are also victims of kidnapping. Noting that Nigeria will soon have its elections, it is an indication that with the rise of criminal acts and insecurity there is a possibility that the elections will fail to be free and fare. In the recent years the state of Abia has had a plague of kidnapping, acts of hijacking and robbery. The only way that Nigerian government has been doing to ensure that such cases are curbed is by negotiating with the kidnappers to get back the victims and also the security forces have been involved in putting up new strategies to conquer the pervasive issue of kidnapping. In addition, the police forces are being trained to enhance their knowledge and skills to decisively deal with the kidnappers across Nigeria (Omonijo, 2011).The governments have a tendency of blaming the pervasive kidnapping wave away from the Niger Delta as a result of the increasing rates of unemployment across the country. The African co ntinent is challenge with kidnapping cases since the police force is ineffective and corrupt. Furthermore, the police forces are inadequately equipped to stem such crimes, and the relationship that exists between the kidnappers and politicians as well. These elements however seem to be mere signs of a wide malaise, for instance, pervasive kidnapping is a major symptoms failed and failing country. This feature is common in countries which is failing or had failed like Columbia since 19770s to 200. The depth of kidnapping can help a country to know it direction. Kidnapping being a government priority to countries that have had the invasion of the can aid in teaming it. Governments partnering with local authorities will aid in reducing the pervasive act within its

Epidemiology and Public Health Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5500 words

Epidemiology and Public Health - Research Paper Example The monarch lives in Buckingham Palace. Parliament meets in Westminster Palace. The borough has an important railroad terminal (Paddington). In Westminster are the administrative offices of the British Broadcasting Corp.; London's chief shopping district; Harley St., a center of medical practice; and a clothing industry. Westminster School is a leading public school, founded in the 14th cent and reestablished by Queen Elizabeth I in 1560(Encyclopedia). Westminster Cathedral, Westminster Abbey, Saint James's Palace, the National Gallery, the Tate Gallery, the imposing Central Mosque, the Imperial College of Science and Technology, St. James's Park, Hyde Park, parts of Regent's Park and Kensington Gardens, Mme Tussaud's waxworks, and Kensal Green Cemetery, resting place of several literary figures are other notable features of the borough of Westminster (Encyclopedia) . The data on population other demographic variables of the borough of Westminster have been collected from the office for National Statistics. For the purpose of the course work these data have been rearranged and presented by means of a pyramid (Figure 1.1). The data belong to the period of 2006 and it mainly exhibits the data relating to male and female and their age group. The following table (Table 1.1) and the pyramid (Figure 1.1) exhibits the entire data in a more comprehensible way. Table 1.1- Sex-wise Demographic Data Age Group Male Female Total 0-4 5900 5800 11700 5-9 4600 4500 9100 9-14 4000 3800 7800 15-19 5300 5100 10400 20-24 10800 12600 23400 25-29 15400 16800 32200 30-34 15700 13700 29400 35-39 12200 9500 21700 40-44 8900 7800 16700 45-49 6700 6400 13100 50-54 5000 5400 10400 55-59 5600 5900 11500 60-64 4300 4800 9100 65-69 3300 3600 6900 70-74 2800 3400 6200 75-79 2400 2800 5200 80-84 1600 2200 3800 85 + 1200 2000 3200 Table no.1.2 Population for Westminster, 2006 Age Group Males Females 0-4 5900 5800 5-9 4600 4500 10-14 4000 3800 15-19 5300 5100 20-24 10800 12600 25-29 15400 16800 30-34 15700 13700 35-39 12200 9500 40-44 8900 7800 45-49 6700 6400 50-54 5000 5400 55-59 5600 5900 60-64 4300 4800 65-69 3300 3600 70-74 2800 3400 75-79 2400 2800 80-84 1600 2200 85+ 1200 2000 Total 115900 116000 Total Population 231900 Table 1.3: Resident Population Estimates by Age Group and Sex Westminster Borough MALE FEMALE Age Group Population Total Percentage Age Group Population Total Percentage 0-4 5900 115900 5 0-4 5800 116000 5 5-9 4600 115900 3.96 5-9 4500 116000 3.87 9-14 4000 115900 3.45 9-14 3800 116000 3.27 15-19 5300 115900 4.57 15-19 5100 116000 4.39 20-24 10800 115900 9.31 20-24 12600 116000 10.86 25-29 15400 115900 13.28 25-29 16800 116000 14.48 30-34 15700 115900 13.54 30-34 13700 116000 11.81 35-39 12200 115900 10.52 35-39 9500 116000 8.18 40-44 8900 115900 7.67 40-44 7800 116000 6.72 45-49 6700 115900 5.78 45-49 6400 116000 5.51 50-54 5000 115900 4.31 50-54 5400 116000 4.65 55-59 5600 115900 4.83 55-59 5900 116000 5.08 60-64 4300 115900 3.71 60-64 4800 116000 4.13 65-69 3300 115900 2.84 65-69 3600 116000 3.10 70-74 2800 115900 2.41 70-74 3400 116000 2.93 75-79 2400 115900 2.07 75-79 2800 116000 2.41 80-84 1600 115900 1.38 80-84 2200 116000 1.89 85

Globalization and Media Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Globalization and Media - Essay Example The influence brought about by globalization in the music industry underscores the intercultural influence, the problems on piracy, and impact on locally produced music around the world. Hollywood as Center of Globalized Music A place in the United States called Hollywood is almost entirely synonymous to talent, fame, and glamour. This is still true if looking at the history of the birthplace of global music. Hollywood in 1915 spells out the â€Å"professional [and] polished recorded entertainment† (Williams 1). Ever since, Hollywood is a center of musical dream and fame. Nowadays, its capacity to reach the global audience is an advantage to influence their message, trend, and philosophy. The dawning of modern technology has increased this capacity, that in a span of minutes, the audience from the other side of the globe would be able to listen to a new song performance. This speedy access of American music has threatened the locally produced music from other countries. Althou gh foreign artists can enter into the Hollywood realm, their percentage is discriminate and cannot prove an exchange of culture in music. More so, the musical performance of these foreign artists is of American standard and influence. In this note, the so called ‘globalization of music’ becomes questionable. ... However, even if in the presence of such agreement, the local music industry still fears to be eaten up by dominant countries. Figure 1 of Appendix A shows the status of international music with respect to its country between the years 2003-2007. It clearly shows that the American music, dominates the rest of the local music industries in the international market. Its nearest contender according to statistics, United Kingdom, is shown to be too distant to be actually called a competitor. As stated earlier, the ability of the American artists to have a larger share of audience stemmed from Hollywood’s extensive market share. Multimedia has helped the success of the American music into the international scene. Figure 2 of Appendix A shows the latest report of the International Federation of Phonographic Industry (IFPI) on the top selling songs last 2010. Noticeably, all of the said songs and albums were produced in the United States which serves as a proof that American songs do minate the international airwaves. The songs on the list all made international success and made the country as â€Å"the largest digital music market in the world† (IFPI, 12). Since the radio is not the only means of distributing music and the internet is readily available for anyone to use, the influence brought about by the internationalization of music has become phenomenal. Such influence and fast access of music helped raise global awareness through charity-run music; however the downside of modern music videos spread throughout the continents. Globalized Music and Its Influence Sparks rise from the glamour of what has been called â€Å"models† of influence in the media. Through music, one can express message and sentiments that could trigger more

Epidemiology and Public Health Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5500 words

Epidemiology and Public Health - Research Paper Example The monarch lives in Buckingham Palace. Parliament meets in Westminster Palace. The borough has an important railroad terminal (Paddington). In Westminster are the administrative offices of the British Broadcasting Corp.; London's chief shopping district; Harley St., a center of medical practice; and a clothing industry. Westminster School is a leading public school, founded in the 14th cent and reestablished by Queen Elizabeth I in 1560(Encyclopedia). Westminster Cathedral, Westminster Abbey, Saint James's Palace, the National Gallery, the Tate Gallery, the imposing Central Mosque, the Imperial College of Science and Technology, St. James's Park, Hyde Park, parts of Regent's Park and Kensington Gardens, Mme Tussaud's waxworks, and Kensal Green Cemetery, resting place of several literary figures are other notable features of the borough of Westminster (Encyclopedia) . The data on population other demographic variables of the borough of Westminster have been collected from the office for National Statistics. For the purpose of the course work these data have been rearranged and presented by means of a pyramid (Figure 1.1). The data belong to the period of 2006 and it mainly exhibits the data relating to male and female and their age group. The following table (Table 1.1) and the pyramid (Figure 1.1) exhibits the entire data in a more comprehensible way. Table 1.1- Sex-wise Demographic Data Age Group Male Female Total 0-4 5900 5800 11700 5-9 4600 4500 9100 9-14 4000 3800 7800 15-19 5300 5100 10400 20-24 10800 12600 23400 25-29 15400 16800 32200 30-34 15700 13700 29400 35-39 12200 9500 21700 40-44 8900 7800 16700 45-49 6700 6400 13100 50-54 5000 5400 10400 55-59 5600 5900 11500 60-64 4300 4800 9100 65-69 3300 3600 6900 70-74 2800 3400 6200 75-79 2400 2800 5200 80-84 1600 2200 3800 85 + 1200 2000 3200 Table no.1.2 Population for Westminster, 2006 Age Group Males Females 0-4 5900 5800 5-9 4600 4500 10-14 4000 3800 15-19 5300 5100 20-24 10800 12600 25-29 15400 16800 30-34 15700 13700 35-39 12200 9500 40-44 8900 7800 45-49 6700 6400 50-54 5000 5400 55-59 5600 5900 60-64 4300 4800 65-69 3300 3600 70-74 2800 3400 75-79 2400 2800 80-84 1600 2200 85+ 1200 2000 Total 115900 116000 Total Population 231900 Table 1.3: Resident Population Estimates by Age Group and Sex Westminster Borough MALE FEMALE Age Group Population Total Percentage Age Group Population Total Percentage 0-4 5900 115900 5 0-4 5800 116000 5 5-9 4600 115900 3.96 5-9 4500 116000 3.87 9-14 4000 115900 3.45 9-14 3800 116000 3.27 15-19 5300 115900 4.57 15-19 5100 116000 4.39 20-24 10800 115900 9.31 20-24 12600 116000 10.86 25-29 15400 115900 13.28 25-29 16800 116000 14.48 30-34 15700 115900 13.54 30-34 13700 116000 11.81 35-39 12200 115900 10.52 35-39 9500 116000 8.18 40-44 8900 115900 7.67 40-44 7800 116000 6.72 45-49 6700 115900 5.78 45-49 6400 116000 5.51 50-54 5000 115900 4.31 50-54 5400 116000 4.65 55-59 5600 115900 4.83 55-59 5900 116000 5.08 60-64 4300 115900 3.71 60-64 4800 116000 4.13 65-69 3300 115900 2.84 65-69 3600 116000 3.10 70-74 2800 115900 2.41 70-74 3400 116000 2.93 75-79 2400 115900 2.07 75-79 2800 116000 2.41 80-84 1600 115900 1.38 80-84 2200 116000 1.89 85

Negative Classroom Behaviors Essay Example for Free

Negative Classroom Behaviors Essay In the classroom there are many opportunities for disruptions to the flow of learning. When the process of education is disrupted it affects learning outcomes and student progress. Educators and students both play a vital role is how smoothly the class is run. In this paper we will examine common disruptions in the classroom and look at carious ways that these disruptions can be resolved productively and efficiently. Through incorporating different discipline and classroom management styles most interruptions to learning can be avoided and the process of education can continue. Disruptions come in many forms and we will look at a few. We will first look at common disruptions in the classroom caused by students and then take a look at those caused by teachers. Yes teachers can be a disruption to the learning process and as we will see sometimes they cause more disruption than their students. It seems that often in today’s society when we think of the typical public school classroom, images of chaotic behavior, chattering students and paper being thrown quickly come to mind. This behavior, while not uncommon should not be the norm, there is a solution. The first three behaviors that we will address is the seemingly ever-present excessive talking, laughter and general outburst. It seems that no matter how many times the lights are turned off, names of students are written on the board, recess or free time taken away students continue to use their voices out of turn in excess ways, making instruction and learning difficult. Often times when students have an outburst in the class or the talking becomes excessive, teachers sometimes give a general knee-jerk reaction.  They may yell at the student who has been consistently talking to â€Å"be quiet or†¦ then some threat of a punishment is given and the student is quiet for a moment and the behavior is likely to happen again and the process continues. Educator Barbara Coloroso believed that students should be taught how to govern themselves accordingly and that whatever actions took place in the classroom they were not only responsible for them but that they were held accountable for them. Barbara guided educators to understand that an important part of education students was to also teach them inner discipline and self control. (Building Classroom Discipline, 11th edition, 2014) In her book Kids Are Worth It: Giving Your Child the Gift of Inner Discipline, Coloroso outlines key ways in which not only parents but also educators can teach children how to have inner discipline. Coloroso suggest that inner discipline be developed as follows; First students must be shown what they have done wrong, then given ownership of the problem hence making them responsible, following this students are guided on ways to solve the problem when appropriate. Finally Coloroso encourages to educators to ensure that during this entire process the dignity of the student is kept in tact. I imagine that by incorporating this strategy into my classroom management and discipline style my students will gain more self-control and become more aware of the consequences behind their actions. In this way, they will be far more likely to think before they act. Likewise I as a teacher will feel better about the way in which I handle disruptions. With the ability to handle each disruption as a possible teaching moment that encourages students to do better, rather than simply pointing out what they did wrong, students will develop a better sense of trust. Likewise by ensuring that in each situation the student is treated with dignity, students are aware of the respect I have for them and this respect become reciprocal. Two other common disruptions in the classroom are that of students who get out of their seats at inappropriate times and who take a long time to get organized, settle down and get started on their work . This not only disrupts learning for the student who gets up but it causes a distraction for those around. Often there are tedious reasons for why students are not in their seats. When asked why have they gotten up, a student may respond  Ã¢â‚¬Å"I was going to sharpen my pencil.† Likewise when asked why have they not sat down and began the warm up they may reply â€Å"I cannot find my pencil.† Educators Harry and Rosemary Wong created a classroom management and discipline theory that creates a way to eliminate many classroom disruptions. The Wong’s theory suggest, that beginning with the first day of class, students be taught that not only the classroom but that the entire school was a place for successful learning. This theory had to be accepted school wide in order to work effectively. In order to achieve that success teachers, students and administrators and support staff, must do their part. The Wong’s suggest that the biggest hindrance to learning is not the behavior of the students but the ineffective manner in which teachers disseminate information regarding the roles, rules, procedures and expectations in the classroom. (Building Classroom Discipline, 11th edition, 2014) Upon introduction to the class, teachers are encouraged to two things. First teachers must go over the roles, expectations and responsibilities of both teacher and student (Building Classroom Discipline, 11th edition, 2014). This is done over a period of several days and may continue through reinforcement throughout the first portion of the school year. In this way students not only understand where they fit in the classroom but they also know how everyone else fits as well. In my own classroom I can visualize my students on their first day. Part of my classroom management style will be to ensure that there is a procedure set in place for most of the foreseeable situations in the classroom. One thing that I will make certain to do, is to make the procedures detailed yet simple to understand and follow. In this way my students will be clear on what to do and when. For example, the student who has wasted ten five minutes of the 15 minute warm up time, will know in the beginning of the school year that sitting down and getting started on the warm-up up within the first three minutes of class is mandatory. If you are not prepared and do not have all of your materials, there are always extras that can be checked out from me and then returned at the end of class. Simple procedures like this will eliminate small disruptions and keep the learning process flowing. The next two disruptions are those students who lack respect for teachers and fellow  classmates along with horseplay in the classroom. Teachers must establish and demand respect in the beginning of the class. Students must know not only what is expected of them, but also what happens when they fall short of those expectations. Educator Craig Seganti teaches teachers how to take charge in the classroom. Taking the Seganti approach in my class will dictate that my students know that I am the authority in the classroom. Establishing this authority by setting the rules along with the consequences of breaking them, and enforcing them from day one will put me in control from the outset. When students see that there is no wavering in the rules, they will take what you are saying seriously. Establishing that the classroom is a place of learning and that anything that disrupts that will have consequences will if not completely eliminate, will certainly minimize disruptions. When teachers and students are disrespected in the classroom it would be good to incorporate civility in the classroom. P.M. Forni was best known for teaching students how to behave civil and with respect n the classroom. By encouraging students to conduct themselves in a way that reflects the â€Å"Golden Rule† students will be far less likely to tease and disrespect their teacher and classmates. (Building Classroom Discipline, 11th edition, 2014). Using these two strategies in the classroom will be of great value in the way the classroom is managed. Finally I want to take a look at three behaviors that are exhibited by teachers that cause disruptions in the classroom and halt the learning process. Disorganization, nagging and the inability to leave whatever you have going on at home, at home can cause the classroom environment to feel unsafe and chaotic (Building Classroom Discipline, 11th edition, 2014). Using a combination of strategies from authorities on classroom management can help with these hindrances to education. First knowing what you want your classroom to look and feel like I a huge help in getting and staying organized. Often times teachers become disorganized because they have lost control of the classroom. By establishing your authority in the classroom as suggested by Seganti, you are less likely to lose control and if this does happen it should be easier to regain. Constant nagging of students over trivial matters of work habits or behavior are not helpful. In the long run you are not taken seriously. Students must know how to behave in the classroom. Ensuring as suggested by Wong that students are crystal  clear on expectations and procedures, teachers will spend much less time nagging and more time teaching. Lastly when teachers are unable to leave their home life separate from their classroom the results can disrupt and devastate a classroom. Teachers must before anything else, know their role. As a teacher you are there to provide a safe learning environment for your students. When your personal life interferes with that, learning outcomes and student-teacher relationships are compromised. In my classroom I imagine that by establishing an initial foundation of authority based on my acknowledgement of my role as teacher and educator, I will be able to create safe, fun and effective learning environment. By creating my classroom management style, revisiting it when necessary and setting up rules and procedures from day one, I will have the freedom to teach without disruptions and my students will be able to achieve all of the learning outcomes that have been set for them. Reference Page 1. C. M. Charles Building Classroom Discipline, Eleventh Edition, 2014

Dealing with Attendance Issues

Dealing with Attendance Issues People take days off and are sometimes late for work. That is a given. The most common problem is when people take days off when they are not sick, such as wanting to stretch the weekend into 3 days, but when they really are sick, they come into work because they have run out of sick days. This is not good for the employee or other employees as they can become sick. The real problem, however, happens when they call out sick after they have exceeded the sick days allowed for the year. You cant turn a blind eye to this behavior and it is unfair to those who make it a point to come to work everyday and are on time. It is usually just a couple of employees who are the culprits. It is especially hard to deal with attendance problems with a person who is otherwise a great employee. Nonetheless, you have to deal with it, and with equality to all. Here are eight points to keep in mind on how to control and possibly reduce attendance issues: Make sure your employees understand your view towards attendance. Make it a point to share your passion towards having a low absentee and tardiness department. Your supervisors also really need to fully understand the attendance expectations as they are on the front line and will see the infractions much more easily than you. If HR has not created one, have an attendance policy that clearly lays out the guidelines. Also lead by example by getting to work a bit early, leaving a bit late, and rarely, if ever, call out sick. Have your employees call you direct instead of their immediate supervisor. They might think twice knowing you, the manager, will answer the phone or hear the voice mail. Maintain accurate records. There are easy to use software programs to track attendance. You can even use something like your Outlook calendar to make a note of each infraction. Create easy to use codes to not take up too much space. For example, instead of John Doe called out sick or John Doe was 15 minutes late, use something like JD-S or JD-15m. Look for trends. If you see an employee call out on a Friday or Monday, chances are they are taken advantage of sick days for pleasure. If you see an employee call out at the end of the month when your department is at its busiest, you most likely have someone who is not a team player. If an employee is always around 5 to 10 minutes late, its not just a one off traffic jam but someone who just is not making the effort getting ready and to work on time. You might even see repetitive signs of sickness or tardiness with the employee looking like they have been partying all night. You want to address these trends as soon as possible. Individual problem have a one on one meeting. Multiple people hold a team meeting. When you have an individual or two who are repeat offenders, you want to deal with them separately. Dont punish all for a few problem employees. However, when you are seeing a trend with multiple members of the team with attendance issues, you need to hold a team meeting and show the statistics. Stress how it can damage the achievement of goals. Reducing absenteeism might even turn into a goal in itself. This will show all that you are serious about attendance, and how their attendance is important to the overall success of the team. Stress that you should not have to hire more people to achieve the goals due to poor attendance. This will put on certain peer pressure that can work to your benefit, especially if you offer a reward to the team if they achieve an attendance record you have set. Allow for personal business. It is better for your employees to be up front and tell you the truth. There might be a few occasions when someone needs to take some time off in the day to handle something that can only be dealt with during business hours. Just make sure they do not take advantage of this gesture. Create an award program for those who do not call out or are tardy for a certain period of time. It can be a paid day off or other ideas that were given in lesson 3. It shows that even though you are a stickler regarding attendance, you want to show your appreciation to those who make it a point to show up to work and being on time. Have them make up time missed to make up for time lost. Depending on state laws and company policy, this may be an option. If not, can they use some of their vacation time, or get no time if they have already used up all of their sick time? The no time means they would not get paid for the time missed. It would affect hourly/non-exempt employees much more. Steps to take when dealing with attendance problems: 1. Counsel and verbal warning: E-mail, or get their attention privately as to not embarrass the individual, to meet in your office. Start off by stating you are concerned over the absences or tardiness. Establish the reasons and determine what needs to be done to improve the attendance issues. If the problem does not appear to be a major health issue of any sort, you should advise the employee that an improvement in attendance is expected, or the next step in the procedure will be taken. There should be no more attendance problems for the following 6 months. Monitor the attendance monthly and proceed to step 2 if the problem continues. Document this meeting and consider it a verbal warning, not a written warning. You should notify HR if there are any medical issues that can possibly keep the employee out of work for any length of time. If the doctor confirms fitness for work, the employee needs to be warned about the consequences of continued absence. 2. First written warning: If the employees absences continue, set up a second meeting. State the purpose and be prepared to discuss the reasons for the absences. Talk about the implications and how it affects the team and department, not to mention the company, and warn that if the problem continues, employment may be suspended and/or terminated. This all depends on how HR has set up the attendance policy. Document this meeting and consider it a written warning. Monitor for improvement, if there are still problems, go to step 3. 3. Second written warning or suspension: If there is still no improvement, consult with HR on what should be done next. If you can, and would like, set up another meeting with the same criteria as described in steps 1 and 2. Listen to what the employee has to say, and let them know you will get back to them to determine the next step. You can either give another written warning stating the next infraction is automatic suspension and/or termination, or go straight to the suspension stage. Again, this is determined on the existing HR policy. 4. Suspension and/or termination: If no improvement in attendance occurs, you should proceed with a temporary suspension without pay. The intention to suspend should be confirmed in writing with details of start and end dates. HR will be involved and your presence may or may not be required. It is imperative that you have documented every meeting with exact detail. This might be needed if it ever goes to court. If it is determined that the employee should be terminated, the employee should be advised that as a result of excessive attendance issues, they will be dismissed. At this point, HR policies regarding pay and benefits will be discussed. Before you take drastic measures with all that has been discussed so far in this lesson, make sure the problem is not morale related or some other underlying issue. The fault might be yours due to departmental cracks, which you will need to find out what is wrong and fix as soon as possible. There might also be a problem with the time clock, parking situation, or scheduling that you should do your best to fix, or come up with an alternative solution.

Living Together before Marriage Essay -- Argumentative Persuasive Coha

Living Together Before Marriage There are many advantages and disadvantages in living together before marriage. Today there are many couples living together before marriage. Sometimes these kinds of relationships 'living together before marriage' end up with success and sometimes they are unsuccessful. Some of the advantages of living together before marriage are such as getting to know your partner, learning about one's abilities if he/she can satisfy your expectations and more. Also, there are some disadvantages in living together before marriage and they are such as religious and family values, parenting problems and more. I think there are more advantages then disadvantages in living together before marriage, because sometimes disadvantages in this kind of relationship are avoidable. One of the advantages of living together before marriage is getting to know a person that you might marry with. It is important for a person to know almost everything about the other person that he/she is going to get marry with. However, it can?t be accomplish without living together for a while before getting married. People need to know how a person is handling his/her life from all aspects such as behavior, mental, financial and others before a person decides to get married with. This can not be completed in a few days, therefore, it is important to live together for a while before deciding weather to get married or now. Also, learning about a person?s abilities to satisfy yo...

Elaboration Likelyhood Essay -- essays research papers

Elaboration Likelihood 2 Introduction   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Recently the nation was bombarded with political ad campaigns of all shapes and sizes. There were the ads for and against succession, the ads that attempted to show Gray Davis as someone who could actually run the state of California, and the ads that didn’t really seem to have any purpose at all. It is obvious that each of these campaigns was focused on a specific target audience. What may not have been so obvious was that each of the ad campaigns was also based upon the involvement or interest of the voters (Perloff, 1993). This involvement or interest is a component of the Elaboration Likelihood Model. This theory helps advertising consultants decide what elections are important to voters and what elections have no relevance to anyone but lawmakers (Perloff, 1993). Important elections, such as the gubernatorial race will have strong arguments and depth while not so significant elections, such as the clean water initiative will rely on cues that are undem anding in terms of the amount of brain power used (Perloff, 1993).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The application of the Elaboration Likelihood Model to political campaigns is just one of the many practical uses of this theory. But before it is possible to examine other possible applications of the ELM, one must understand the basic ideas and factors that make it work. After a clear understanding of the ELM is devolved it will be shown in relation to the specific communication perspective that it fits into, and then used to evaluate a real life situation. Subsequent to the evaluation of the practical application the ELM will be scrutinized and summed up, but first the basics. Description of Theory   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Elaboration Likelihood 3 The elaboration likelihood theory was created by two social scientists, Richard Petty and John Cacioppo, who sought to create a model of persuasion that was more inclusive in terms of the range and depth in which the theory covered (Perloff, 1993). Petty and Cacioppo’s theory is a culmination of their research in the area of â€Å"cognitive responses to persuasion† and theories of attitude change (Perloff, 1993, p. 118). The ELM is a theory of persuasion with a central premise that seeks to explain how deeply an individual will elaborate the arguments of a persuasive message by examining the ind... ...ovements. First of all, Perloff (1993, p. 132) makes the point that there should be more consideration of â€Å"situational and personality factors that might interact to influence the processing strategy.† Perloff (1993, p. 132) also would like to know â€Å"how do people simultaneously process central and peripheral information?† Elaboration Likelihood 10 References Bargh, J. A. (2002, September). Losing Consciousness: Automatic Influences on   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Consumer Judgment, Behavior, and Motivation. Journal of Consumer Research,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  29 (2).  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Littlejohn, S. W. (2001). Theories of Human Communication. Albuquerque, NM:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Wadsworth. Perloff, R. M. (1993). The Dynamics of Persuasion. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Eribaum   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Assoc. Sereno, K. (2002, Fall). Comm 200: Communication as a Social Science. Lecture Notes. Stephenson, M. T., Benoit, W. L., Tschida, D. A. (2001). Testing the Mediating Role of   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Cognitive Responses in the Elaboration Likelihood Model. Communication   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Studies, 52 (4), 324-338.

Report on Cross Cultural Management of Cuba Essay

4 Analysis of Silk Trade in Cuba To a great extent, the silk trade can be influenced by the culture. Before entering into the Cuban market, the company needs to understand the culture and take into account the local market situation. Cross cultural management models can be used to analyze the cultural characteristics in Cuba, for example Geert Hofstede Cultural Dimensions, Fons Trompenaars Cultural Dimensions, and Ednlard T. Hall Cultural Dimensions. In the following, cross cultural models will be used to conduct an assessment of Cuban cultural background and analyze the impact of Cuban culture on the silk trade. Fig 1 Location of Cuba 4.1 Cuban culture under Geert Hofstede Cultural Dimensions Professor Geert Hofstede is an expert in the field of cross cultural management. His study on the cultural dimensions can be used to help define the culture of a country in the world. According to Geert Hofstede Cultural Dimensions, each kind of the culture places different emphasis on five different cultural dimensions, Power Distance (PDI), Individualism versus Collectivism (IDV), Masculinity versus Femininity (MAS), Uncertainty Avoidance (UAI), and Long term orientation (LTO) (Hofstede, 1996). 4.1.1 Power Distance According to the view of Professor Hofstede, power distance deals with the income inequity in a country (Soares et al., 2007). Cuba scores high in the scale of power distance, which means that the members of this country believes that inequities are usual and accepted by all layers of the society, and the leaders of an organization can have a lot of power. The reason can be found in the long history. 4.1.2 Individualism versus Collectivism The dimension individualism is the degree of interdependence a society maintains in its members. In simple words, it deals with whether people’s self-image is defined in terms of I or We. It is known that Cuba is a communist country and it is a collectivist culture. Under such political environment, people work together and share everything. The Cubans believe that all the people are important and cooperation is important in the society. In simple words, collectivism is widely accepted in Cuba. 4.1.3 Masculinity versus Femininity The dimension masculinity deals with what motivates people, wanting to be the best (masculine) or liking what you do (feminine). Under the Cuban culture, people are always more feminine. The dominant values in the society are caring for others and quality of life, rather than the competition, achievement, and success. In addition to this, the Cuban women have played an important role in the society, and women hold nearly 37% of the seats in parliament. The Cuban culture is more feminine. 4.1.4 Uncertainty Avoidance The dimension Uncertainty Avoidance can explain how people deal with the unknown future, some may try to control the future, and some may let it happen (Merkin, 2006). People in the Cuban society belong to the category of high uncertainty avoidance. To a large extent, it is decided by the political environment, the communist society for years can be the reason why Cuban people eliminate unwanted changes in the future. 4.1.5 Long term orientation The long term orientation dimension decides the extent to which the society shows a pragmatic future-oriented view rather than a conventional historical short-term view. In Cuba, people fall more in the conventional short-term view. The society is largely controlled by the government, and people live life day to day with the conventional short-term view, also they have not planned too much for the future. 4.2 Cuban culture under Fons Trompenaars Cultural Dimensions According to the view of Professor Fons, what distinguished people from one culture is where their preferences fall on each of the seven different dimension, including universalism versus particularism, individualism versus communitarianism, specific versus diffuse, neutral versus emotional, achievement versus ascription, sequential time versus synchronous time, and internal direction versus outer direction (Charles and Trompenaars, 1997). The dimension universalism vs. particularism deals with what is more important, rule or relationship. In Cuba, people believe that relationships can be more important, which is largely decided by the political factor. Under the communist society, the whole society is controlled by the leaders of the country, and the society is decided by rule of people, rather than rule of law (Rasha, 2006). Individualism vs. collectivism deals with the degree of interdependence a society maintains in its members. Cuba falls more in a collectivist culture. In addition, the neutral vs. emotional dimension describes the importance of feelings and relationships. Obviously, Cuba, a neutral culture, and people do not easily display their feelings and emotions. The government controls everything, and people dare not display their real feelings (Kang and Mastin (2008). Specific vs. diffuse dimension answers how the people separate the private and working lives. Cuban culture belongs to the specific-oriented culture, in simple words the Cuban people separate the private and the working lives very clearly. The achievement vs. ascription dimension refers to the question of the status. In Cuban society, people belong to the ascription-oriented culture and the respect for a manager is based on hierarchy. Sequential vs. synchronic dimension defines two different ways of managing time, and the Cuban people belong to the synchronization-oriented dimension. In the end, the Cuban people fall more in the external control dimension. 4.3 Cuban culture under Ednlard T. Hall Cultural Dimensions Ednlard T. Hall is a famous researcher on cross cultural management. Hall’s cultural factors can be used to understand people from different cultural backgrounds, include high-context culture and low-context culture, monochromic action and polychromic action, high territoriality and low territoriality. First of all, Cuba belongs to a kind of high-context culture, similar with Trompenaars’ particularism. There are a lot of local unwritten rules of the culture, and much is taken for granted in the Cuban culture. Secondly, similar with Trompenaars’ time as sequence (monochromic) and time as synchronization (polychromic), most of the Cuban people can be polychromic-based action (Hall, 1966). In simple words, people often do many things at once and put relationship first, in addition to this, things are borrowed and shared often and easily. (Hall, 1983). Cuban people have high territoriality when working with the foreigners, which largely results from the political attitude of the communist society. 5 Impact of culture on leadership and organization behavior in Cuba With the development of the economic globalization, the importance of cross cultural management receives more attention. Culture can be defined as the characteristics of a particular group of people, including history, education, language, social, structure, religion, political, and economic. 5.1 Impact of culture on leadership in Cuba Leadership can be defined as a process of social influence in the accomplishment of a common task, and good leaders are not made born. As described above, cross cultural management models can be used to understand how to do the business in Cuba. Fig 2 Flag of Cuba 5.1.1 Impact of Cuban history on leadership The history of Cuba began with the arrival of Columbus in 1492, and in a long time it was controlled by the foreign countries, such as United States and Brazil. In the 20th century, Cuba made the alliance with the Soviets. Castro controlled Cuba for decades until the year 2006. In Cuba, the leaders have the concentrated power and members of an institution and organization accept the leadership very easily. Fig 3 Castro 5.1.2 Impact of Cuban education on leadership Speaking in essence, the Cuban education was strictly controlled by the government, and the school attendance is not very high. In addition to this, education has a strong political and ideological emphasis. In simple words, the Cuban education is not well-developed, and the leaders can easily influence the followers, also people get used to obey the instructions from the leaders. 5.1.3 Impact of Cuban language on leadership Spanish is the official language in Cuba, and most of the Cubans can speak it, because in a long time Cuba was controlled by Spain. In addition to this, Haitian Creole can be the second largest language. Language can play an important role in the leadership process, and it can be inferred that the leaders in Cuba are required to speak Spanish. 5.1.4 Impact of Cuban social structure on leadership Social structure can be identified as the relationship between entities or groups or as enduring and relatively stable patterns of relationship. The Cuban society believes that inequities are usual and a fact of the life. The equality can be accepted by all layers of the society, and the leaders of an organization can have a lot of power. Fig 4 Cathedral of Saint Christopher in Havana 5.1.5 Impact of Cuban religion on leadership Cuba has been a Communist country since 1959. Catholicism is much modified and influenced, and the most popular religion in Cuba is Santeria. The religion can maximize the cohesion between the members, and the leadership can take advantage of the religion, or else it will be the barriers. 5.1.6 Impact of Cuban politics on leadership Culture of a country can significantly influence the trade business, including the silk trade. People’s Republic of China has built a good relationship with Republic of Cuba for many years, which can be good for the silk trade in Cuba (Benjamin and Collins, 1985). To be more specific, the political attitude can be helpful in leadership. 5.1.7 Impact of Cuban economic on leadership Influenced by the political ideology, Cuba refused the free trade with the foreigners in the world market. Cuba carries out the planned economy for a long time and limits the private economy (Padilla and McElroy, 2007). The production are largely owned and operated by the government. Leaders from foreign countries may not easy in Cuba. 5.2 Impact of culture on organization behavior in Cuba Likewise, the impact of culture on the organization behavior must be also taken into account by the management. Organization behavior is a field of study that investigates the impact of individuals, groups and structures upon behavior within an organization. Organization behavior can be understood better, and the barriers can be eliminated. 5.2.1 Impact of Cuban history on organization behavior In a long history of the communist society, the Cubans get used to obey the rules from the leaders. In simple words, the individuals, groups and structures in Cuba share the same rules. In the process of cross cultural management, members of an institution or organization obey the group norms. 5.2.2 Impact of Cuban education on organization behavior Castro developed a fully state-operated education system, at the same time the private institutions are banned by the government. There is no advanced education system to build the organization behavior. In other words, the organization behavior of the local employees can be rebuilt in the process of cross cultural management. 5.2.3 Impact of Cuban language on organization behavior The official language in Cuba is Spanish, and the organization behaviors are based on the language. More importantly, language is the communication tool, and it can also decide the success of cross cultural management. Only on the basis of understanding the language, the organization behavior can be understood. 5.2.4 Impact of Cuban social structure on organization behavior Likewise, social structure decides many social systems, such as legal system, cultural system, economic system, and political system. Individuals and groups obey the social systems, and organization behavior can be influenced by the social systems. 5.2.5 Impact of Cuban religion on organization behavior To be more specific, the Santeria in Cuba developed from Catholicism by combining the religion of African slaves and some local Americans. Institutions or organizations from foreign countries can take advantage of the religion to bring people together. 5.2.6 Impact of Cuban politics on organization behavior The former leader Castro controlled everything for years and the Cuban people have been under control. Under such political environment, behaviors of individuals and groups are influenced by the external political factors. 5.2.7 Impact of Cuban economic on organization behavior Foreign leaders may find it difficult in leading the local Cuban employees, and some measures should be taken, for example hiring the local managers. The Cuban people have high territoriality when working with the foreigners, which largely results from the political attitude of the communist society in the world (SÃ ©ror and Arteaga, 2000). 6 Conclusion and Recommendations Due to the different political ideology, Cuba closed the door and operated differently. In conclusion, the characteristics of Cuban culture are different, and cross cultural management in Cuba needs to consider the characteristics. Recommendations will be made in the following to operate the silk trade in an effective and efficient way. 6.1 Leadership styles of cross cultural management in Cuba There are many kinds of leadership styles, which include authoritarian, paternalistic, democratic, laissez-faire, and transactional. Taking the Cuban cultural characteristics into account, the kind of paternalistic leadership style can be put into practices in the Cuban business world. The leaders encourage the employees to compete the tasks, at the same time they take care of the employees as a parent will do, because the local employees are influenced by the external political factor. In order to do the silk trade, the leaders have to deal with the potential barriers in Cuba. 6.2 Communication styles of cross cultural management in Cuba In Cuba, the official language is Spanish. As for the management, the communication styles can be assertive, aggressive, passive, and passive-aggressive. The best style for the management in Cuba can be the assertive communication. To be more specific, the leaders can communicate with the local employees in an assertive way. The language barrier can be solved by hiring the translators, and the institutions and organizations can hire the local employees as the middle management level, for they can carry out the business strategies better and communicate with the local employees easily. 6.3 Negotiation skills of cross cultural management in Cuba Under the different cultural background, some negotiation skills are necessary in the process of cross cultural management. By understanding the Cuban culture, leaders in Cuba can learn how to work with the Cubans and avoid the cultural barriers. It can be recommended that the first one negotiation skill is to learn to flinch. In order to make the silk trade with the Cubans, the businessmen need to respect the local rules and the employees, thus make them feel comfortable in the trade process. The second one is to recognize that customers often ask for more than they expect to get. In the process of silk trade, the Cubans are provided good products and services. After the customers recognize the products and services, the company can build better brand awareness to increase the sales and make profits in Cuba. 6.4 Management styles and requirements of cross cultural management in Cuba The management process is not easy, but it can significantly influence the silk trade in Cuba. During the process of cross cultural management, the management can consider the Cuban cultural factors, as explained in the above cultural dimensions. Especially, when making important decisions, the cultural factors need to be taken into account, as well as the problem-solving process and team management. 6.4.1 Decision-making of cross cultural management in Cuba The process of decision-making is not easy in a different cultural background. In the Cuban culture, the first one is to take the political factor into account. The government interface with free trade can be the biggest barrier in Cuba. The decision-makers need to understand the Cubans, for example, things can be borrowed and shared often and easily. Cuban people have high territoriality when working with the foreigners, so the institutions and organizations can cooperate with the local groups. In the end, results of the potential decisions need to be reasonably predicted under such circumstances. 6.4.2 Problem-solving of cross cultural management in Cuba When facing with the conflicts, the management needs to solve the problems. Unlike the conventional situation, the local cultural may be more complex, for the conflicts in Cuba may involve many parties. At this time, the foreigners need to understand how the local residents deal with the problem. For example, the members of this country believes that inequities are usual and accepted by all layers of the society, and the leaders of an organization can have a lot of power. In simple words, the foreigners can seek for the support of the leaders if they are encountering the barriers in Cuba. More importantly, people in Cuba belong to the category of high uncertainty avoidance, and money can be the effective and efficient to solve the current problems. 6.4.3 Team management of cross cultural management in Cuba As a communist society, the Cuban people are regarded as the group. It is known that Cuba is a collectivist culture. Under such political environment, people work together and share the property. They believe that all the Cubans are important and cooperation is important in the society. In the process of team management, the leaders can learn to motivate the employees and increase the cohesion power among the team members. In addition to this, the dominant values in the society are caring for others and quality of life, rather than the competition, achievement, and success. If team members share the same values, they can come together to complete the common goals. The last but not the least, the leaders have a lot of concentrated power. During the process of cross cultural management, leaders need to develop an understanding of the Cuban culture.