Politics In The Gilded Age Essay -- essays research papers

Politics in the brassy AgeDiscuss Politics in the Gilded Age. Include major political events and issues, and the roles of the bloody shirt, depravity, patronage, and reform movements.The term Gilded Age was named for a Mark Twain book. It meant covered with gold, and was applied to this period as a whole. This was a period of corruption in sordid politics.The Republicans and Democrats didnt really have strong opposing beliefs during this period. The Republicans support high tariffs and sound money. The Democrats supported lower tariffs and expanded currency. Both rural and urban classes supported each party. They worked with spoils and local issues. Both parties worked to please everyone, and to attract voters. Since both parties were so close in strength, it caused the elections to be fought harder.The Republicans used the waving of the bloody shirt tactic. This meant that they brought back the past in order to avoid the real issues. They portrayed the Democrats as rebel traitors. The Republicans were against alcohol. The Stalwarts were direct by Senator Conkling from New York and were the hard core machine of elections. Senator Blaine led the Half-Breeds from Maine, and they wanted to be in control of it all. The mugwumps were a group that turned Democrat because of the corruption of the Republican presidential nominee, Senator Blaine.&nbs...

Codeine :: essays research papers

Codeine Codeine is readily absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract. It is rapidly distributed from the intravascular spaces to the various body tissues, with preferential uptake by parenchymatous organs much(prenominal) as the liver, spleen and kidney. Codeine crosses the blood-brain barrier, and is found in fetal tissue and breast milk. The plasma concentration does non correlate with brain concentration or assuagement of pain however, codeine is non bound to plasma proteins and does not accumulate in body tissues. Treatment A single or multiple overdose with acetaminophen and codeine is a potentially lethal polydrug overdose, and consultation with a regional poison control center is recommended. Signs and SymptomsCodeine Toxicity from codeine poisoning includes the opioid triad of pinpoint pupils, depression of respiration, and deviation of consciousness. Convulsions may occur. WHY is this drug prescribed?Codeine is used, usually in combination with other medications, to red ucecoughing that does not produce sputum or mucus. It is alike used for reliefof mild to moderate pain. When used for pain, codeine is usually used withaspirin and sometimes caffeine.WHEN should it be used?Codeine is usually taken every quadruple to six hours as needed. Follow thedirections on your prescription label carefully, and ask your pharmacistor doctor to explain any part that you do not understand.HOW should it be used?Codeine is available, alone or with other medications, in tablets,capsules, and liquid to be taken by mouth. Your prescription label tellsyou how much to take at each dose. The liquid should be shaken well beforeeach use to mix the medicine evenly. Ask your pharmacist for a specially tag measuring spoon to be sure of an accurate dose. Do not take more ofthis drug than prescribed by your doctor. Serious side personal effects outhouse occur,especially in children who take too much. Adults giving this medication toa child should be careful to give the correct dose and not to give it moreoften than prescribed by the doctor. For a cough, patients older than 12years should not take more than 120 mg of codeine a day. Children six to12 years old should not take more than 60 mg a day. A doctor should decidehow much codeine can be taken by a child two to five years old. This drugshould not be given to children younger than two years. annoyance and Dependence Codeine can produce drug dependence of the morphine type and, therefore, has the potential for being abused. Psychological dependence, physical dependence, and tolerance may develop upon repeated administration and it should be prescribed and administered with the same degree of caution appropriate to the use of other oral narcotic medications.

European Imperialism of China and Japan :: essays research papers

European Imperialism of China and japan Imperialism is the practice by which powerful nations or peoples seek to extend and maintain control or influence over weaker nations or peoples. By the 1800s, the western powers had advantages in this process. They led the world in technical advances, giving them a dominance when conquering other countries. The European Imperialists made attempts to conquer China and japan. In this process, they succeeded by influencing Japan greatly. However, they were not as made with China. At the end of the eighteenth century, Chinas goods were much desired by Britain. However, the Chinese saw Europeans as savages and did not want to trade with them. During trade, there was an imbalance in Chinas favor, because the Europeans were forced to buy Chinese goods using silver. The Western Imperialists began to grow opium poppies from in India, and then smuggle them into China. China in short became addicted to the drug and spent most of its money on the purchase of it from the Europeans and Americans. This shifted the balance of power to be in Europes favor.In the early 1800s, Japan had blocked off all trade from other countries. Foreign whaling ships could not even reload or repair their ships in Japan territory. This offended many other countries. In 1852, Matthew Perry was sent to Japan to negotiate open trade. Japan felt threatened by the United States, and gave in to their demands. Japan was frightened by their stipulations, and immediately began to reform. They developed a new education system that was similar to America and Europes. They also developed a Western style judiciary system. Japan and China reacted differently to the reforms of Imperialism. When put under pressure, Japan succumbed to the power of Western Imperialist ideas. Conversely, China, resisted for a long time. As a result, Japan had more technology, while China was unenlightened of the new advances. Japan also gained more respect from other countries, that China did not have.

To His Coy Mistress by Andrew Marvell and Our Love Now by Martyn Essay

To His Coy Mistress by Andrew Marvell and Our cut Now by MartynLowery both see men trying to use methods of feeling to get whatthey want. How successful are they?I have recently studied To His Coy Mistress by Andrew Marvell,written in the 17th Century and Our Love Now by Martyn Lowery,written in the 19th century. Attitudes to cognise have changed a lotsince the 17th Century. When To His Coy Mistress was written, menwere in commission of the relationship. It would take a lot longer forthis relationship to progress than it would today. The man would courtthe woman for months originally anything progressed. He would write herletters and poems, and then eventually, if he loved her, he would askher to marry him. They would not draw and quarter love until they were married, assex outside of marriage was frowned upon. However, today arelationship before marriage can be any length of time and there is noone in charge of it as men and women are much equal in todayssociety.To His Coy Mi stress is a poem about a man trying to persuade a faint-heartedwoman to have sex with him. In the first section he romances her,convinces her that he respects her, tells her she is beautiful and howhe adores her. In the second section he scares her. He says that lifeis short and all they have to look forward to is death. In the thirdpart he persuades the woman by telling her that she should make themost of time and to speed it up, not waste it.Our Love Now is a poem about a man trying to persuade a woman thatthey should persevere with their relationship. He uses metaphors as akey method of persuasion. However we have the womans reply, and sheclearly does not feel the corresponding way, she thinks their relationship isover. Ev... ... very strong, consistent argument, allowing notime for the woman to sort out in her own head, her feelings for him.The way the argument is constructed implies he is forcing her to have cozy relations. He does not give her a choice, tho uses his powero ver her to get his own way. I think he almost bullies her into makinglove to him as he never stops bombarding her with his opinions. In ToHis Coy Mistress the poet uses a variety of methods. The way the poemis constructed makes it sound as if it is written flippantly, but thereader can see through him. I dont think the woman would see this asit is covered by clever examples. However, later on studying the poem youcan see this. He makes her feel secure, makes her think he loves herand tells her what he wants yet does not put it so bluntly that inundermines his otherwise very successful persuasions.

Treatment of Ethnic Minorities by Nazi Germany Essay -- Papers

Treatment of Ethnic Minorities by Nazi Germany Hitler hated three kinds of raft- Jews, communists and democracy and in his view they were all connected. Hitler believed that the Aryan people were the master carry, and most of theses people were Germans. He believed that Jews were an inferior species. He believed that what the Jews believed in was spreading and crushing Germany. Anything Judaic was wrong. He spoke of a myth that the Jewish bankers planned to break down the financial system and that this was a reason that war broke out in 1914. Hitler hated Bolshevism (communism) because he saw it as a Jewish belief. The Jewish founder, Karl Marx, set out to break the world politically, just as the Jews were breaking it racially. Hitler believed that the reason why communism had interpreted over in Russia was because most of Russians were Slavs, who just like the Jews were a sub-human species. Hitler called the Slavs rabbit people, only here to reprod uce, but unable to organize themselves. Thats why Hitler admired Stalin for good turn such a degraded form of people into a nation. IN Hitlers book Mein Kampf, he said that it was Germanys job to be the saviour of the Aryan race by killing all the Jews and seizing the Slavs land of the East. This was the goal of the National Socialists. Hitler believed that democracy was a product of the Jews. Thats why he believed it was such a atonic political system. He didnt believe in compromise and so he thought it lacked purpose. If democracy were to be allowed in Germany it would wreck the whole country and prevent it from its destiny. When Hitler came to power he got rid of the whole de... ...ens book and is primary evidence. The artificial lake was produced in 1938. The Nazis must have produced this anti Jewish picture for the children to use as part of their propaganda. The source was produced in Germany. The source was produced as a use of propaganda. T hey fed childrens minds to believe that Jews were bad so that they would go home and tell their parents. This source is biased as it shows what the Nazis wanted life to be like. They wanted the Jews to leave. It shows the Jews in a bad way, it shows them mocking the other children. They are shown sticking their tongues out at the Germans and pulling out their blur. The German girl is pure German with feminine features and the Jewish boy is trying to wreck that by ripping out her hair and making her look bad. This is how Hitler saw things not how the people did.

Can Manufactured Bands Ever Be Classified As good Art? The Effect O :: essays research papers

Can Manufactured Bands Ever be Classified as Good Art? The Effect of the Marketon the tress of MusicIntroduction     Manufactured bands now make up a major percentage of chart music today,not least of them Take That, Boyzone, baneful Boys inc., East 17 and other completely-boypop bands. In this essay I would like to discuss how the standard of art hasbeen lowered by the capitalistic administration of the music industry, using a specificexample - "Upside Down", which is maybe the latest addition to this genre ofmusic.     By this genre of music, I symbolise the all-boy bands which have beenspecifically manufactured and targeted at the teenybopper age class (and alsothe gay market?).Personal Opinions     To argue that this form of art is bad art, one must have a referencepoint - a set of values by which to judge. This is almost always a personalopinion, and I would first of all like to explain my personal opinio n.     I believe that good art has something to offer to the individualperceiver, be it painting, book, film, dance or music. These are all differentforms of art, just one thing binds them all together - the fact that they arecreations, created and crafted to the personal specifications of the artist.This makes the product original.     Two values by which I judge music are creativity and originality. Ibelieve that good art provides food for thought - that special something which,after the tape has finished, after leaving the cinema or closing a book, leavesan aftertaste - something to retrieve about, be it, how did he/she play that or,what was he/she trying to say with that piece, the list goes on.Basic Market Analysis     For the purposes of this essay, I want to split marketing into deucegeneral strategies. The first of these is where the designers make a "product"to their own specifications and then look to s ee where and how they will be ableto cope it in the boilersuit market. The second strategy is the opposite of thefirst - the designers examine the general market, target a certain area andtailor make a product to tick off this area exactly.     The latter of these strategies is the one employed when a band is goingto be manufactured. The designers have studied the market and worked out whatthey think they can sell a certain group of consumers.Hirschmans three market segments model (see figure 1) can be used toexplain which type of bands fall into which category. The first segment is title "Self-orientated Creativity.

Japan and Capitalism

japan Capitalism and the economic Miracle The global triumph of capitalism was the most signifi bathroomt historical issue of the 19th century. It was the triumph of a kind of society that believed in the fact that scotch development was ground on competitive private enterp pilfer and the success of acquire as much as possible from the market.It was considered that an economy resting on the solid foundations of the middle class, would not only create a conception of properly distri simplyed wealth, but similarly it would educate people, develop reasoning and increase human opportunity. Summarizing, a world of continuous and rapid material and moral development. The few obstacles that remained in the lead of this development would rapidly be solved or oercome. The history of this period is characterized by a massive break by in the global economy of industrial capitalism.Certain regions of the world beyond capitalism were put under pressure by the capitalist countries who tri ed to gain insight in their economies by opening spick-and-span markets, these regions were forced to choose between a determined resistance to fightds capitalism in accordance to their traditions and ways of life or a modernisation work on which would bring different cultural changes. Given this logic, japan was during the mid-nineteenth century under pressure from the foreign powers and the crisis of their system based on the Shoguns.This situation led to japan, to birth unwrap a complete transformation process (economic, political and social) known as the Meiji restoration, which marked the starting point of modern Nipponese society. The introduction of the unite States in the Pacific fin eithery brought lacquer to the center of occidental attempts to open their markets. Direct resistance was impossible, the weak attempts to organize had already be shown. The simple diplomatical concessions were no more than a temporary expedient.Already in 1853-1854, Commodore Perry, fr om the coupled States Navy had forced them to open certain(a) ports through the regular method of naval threatening. In 1862 the British, bombed the city of Kagoshima with complete impunity in retaliation for the murder of an Englishman by the lacquerese. The presence of Western forces was, at this point, a legitimate fact of the everyday Japanese life. publicationually in 1868 the Meiji Restoration was proclaimed, the Restoration based itself on the transfer of area power from the Shogun to the Emperor.This started a political, economic and social process that, after ten years of turmoil and provincial agrarian revolts led to the modernization of the state and study unity. Due to these facts the Meiji Restoration is considered the starting point of modern Japanese society. To carry out the task of modernization economic resources were anxiously needed in order to master the nobles resistance, to suppress revolts and upheavals of provincial farmers, to compensate land owners , to protect, to labor the industry and to installstate manufacturing complexes.It was also important to modernize and equalize the state, the armed services and the bureaucratic system. Due to the limited development of industrial capital, the new political science was forced to seek financial resources indoors the land, based on property taxes. But, in order to adapt to the changing needs of the state, these charges became tax money. These financial arrangements, launch by the politics of the restoration were the starting point of the land reforms.As for the early development of capitalism, the Japanese case marked clear differences with respect to what Western europium had already experienced. In the West the state centralized manufacturing were disappearing during the bourgeois revolution, while in Japan state factories developed across the country, based on the steel market. Cloth factories and their machinery were quickly upgraded through a process known as industrial rev olution from above, which is based on the help of the state to upgrade the existing industry.The number of state factories kept rising and peaked in the decade of the 1870-1880. After the 1880s, these companies protected by the government were then clear to public auction and were then bought by the capitalists monopoly, some of these industries grew as rich as Mitsui or Mitsubishi, who maintained close partake with the state. The Japanese revolution, allowed the development of mercantile activity and usurer capital of the old type, in order to avoid the abolishment of the feudal relations of land property, and to assure the freedom and autonomy of the self-employed person peasantry and small craftsmen.Although the classic capitalistic revolution involved the change from commercial capital to industrial capital, the Japanese revolution followed an other(a) path. In Japan the industrial revolution as well as the transformation of commercial capital into industrial capital came ab out under the monopoly of the rich capitalists, which showed the main difference from that of Western European capitalism. It is clear that this particular structure was determined by the agricultural and the feudal systems of land property, which ensured the survival and multiplication of feudal relations of production within the Japanese agri socialization.Revolutionary activists recognized that in order to carry out their purpose of saving the country, they required a process of systematic Westernization. By 1868 many had had contact with foreigners, some had even traveled abroad, people then began to recognize that conservation involved transformation. The driving force that moved Japan towards this transformation was its pursuit to arrest more Western. It looked like the West clearly had the secret of success and therefore Japan had to imitate it at all costs. Taking a set of determine nd institutions of another society and implementing it into the Japanese society was a sur prising, traumatic, and problematic attempt. However this attempt could not be done in a outward and poorly controlled way, especially in a society which was profoundly different from the West. Many began with a strong passion for the West and anything that came from across them. For some people, the refurbishment seemed to imply the abandonment of all that was Japanese, as they considered that all the past was barbaric and out of date.The proposals reached even to the renewal of the Japanese race, considered genetically inferior, and was began to be improved through interbreeding with the Western superior race, these suggestions were based on Western theories of racism and social Darwinism, they really found support at the higher and loaded Japanese classes. Certain styles of life, such as clothing or food, were less adopted than the technological or architectural styles and ideas from the West. Westernization here raised a study dilemma, unlike what had happened prior with the adoption of Chinese elements by the Japanese.Since all the Western was not as simple and as coherent, it was a whole complex of institutions and ideas which in many cases were opposite to the traditional Japanese culture. In practice, the Japanese chose the British model, which naturally served as guide towards the development of the railroad, the telegraph, textiles, and many other methods of business. France inspired the sanctioned reform and set the basis for the military reform. Universities based themselves on the German and American examples, as well as primary education, agricultural innovations and mailing systems.In 1875-1876 over five hundred foreign workers were employed, this number rose to three thousand by the 1890s. However choosing between the different political and ideological aspects was not that easy. Japan was politically against the liberal bourgeois systems of Britain and France. Liberalism was naturally opposed to the absolutist state, which was adopted in Japan after the Restoration. In turn, Westernization also was based on the adoptions of ideas, including Christianity which the Japanese people did not relate to.After some measure, a strong systemic reaction against Westernization and the liberal model began to rise within the country. This reaction manifested itself in the establishment of 1889, mostly because of a neotraditionalist reaction which virtually invented the Shinto, a new religion based on the worship of the emperor. At this time the combination of selective neotraditionalism and modernization kept rising and was creating and giving shape to the new system. However, there was tension between those who believed that Westernization meant a complete revolution and those who believed that it was the key to economic progress.Beyond these internal contradictions, Japan carried out an incredible process of modernization that made it a formidable modern power, setting them apart from the rest of the Asian countries. At this t ime it was clayey to imagine that, after half a century, Japan would be a great power capable of defeating their European counterparts in an armed confrontation. After the Restoration, the Meiji government had the task of fulfilling two main goals. On the one hand, they had to decide on whether or not to strengthen the army, in other words, to develop a military that allowed Japan to face the West.This decision marked the beginning of a disaster, as it is an important aspect to explain the origin of the appointments that led to Japan to participate in the Second World War. The second goal of the Meiji policy dealt with economic development. The decisions taken in this field would undoubtedly be the most successful and enduring aspects of the Revolution. The war left Japan with major(ip) problems over ten million unemployed, many demobilized former combatants, widespread destruction of homes and industrial plants, rising inflation, etc. Material losses were estimated to be at over a quarter of the national wealth.However, not all consequences were adverse. Unemployment meant that there was a lot of labor ready to use, the war had also raised the level of technology and production capacity of heavy industry in the field of iron, steel, machinery and chemicals. In addition to making use of these advantages, Japan had the United States behind their back. At set-back, the American aid was aimed towards achieving national self-sufficiency, taking measures to stop inflation (the Dodge plan 1949), coupled with substantial injections of capital and advanced technology.Another important event that had a direct impact on the Japanese movement towards capitalism was the Korean War. This war led the U. S. to invest twenty-three billion dollars in military spending. The occupation forces ordered every closed arm factory in Japan to be put into service, in full production, representing a major incentive for the Japanese production. In turn, the United Statesboosted the J apanese trade, especially in Southeast Asia, where treaties were signed ordering Japan to provide different articles and services to countries that had previously been occupied.None of this would have been possible without a regeneration of the Japanese industry itself. From 1946, Japan started to create a series of economic, financial and banking institutions in order to stimulate economic recovery. The Council of Economic Stimulation was created with the mission of coordinating production and economic growth, and the Reconstruction Bank which had to channel capital to certain industries to achieve the stimulation. Following this, in 1948, the Economic Stabilization Board was formed, aiming to rise production levels, the following year the Ministry of International Trade and Industry was established.These institutions, along with the contribution from the United States, had laid the foundation on which the splendid building of Japanese economic development would later be later ere cted. Several factors contributed to this along with a consistent policy of official support. The worlds economy had entered a period of expansion, the Japanese industry enjoyed good relations between companies, facilitating the movement of employees to different industries and to higher productivity jobs, making it to be the key to further economic development.Other factors were the United States transfer of technology to Japan, social changes such as land reform and the development of trade unions, which contributed to the improvement of the diffusion of income and an expansion of the domestic market. With these stimuli the Japanese industry quickly recovered and was then beginning to expand. In the 1960s, the Japanese economy was dominated by a comparatively small number of large-scale manufacturing firms such as Mitsubishi, Mitsui, Fuji and Sumtono, every one of which had at least seventy different affiliates.Besides these groups there were several companies that offered relat ively new products such as electronics and automobiles. Including many of what today are worldwide firms such as Hitachi, Toyota, or Nissan. Because of the control from the Ministry of International Trade and Industry (MITI), they all enjoyed certain protection against foreign competition, while at the same time they were competing for a position in the domestic market, in order to avoid national monopolies.Another feature at this time was the development of products that needed advanced technology and heavy capital investment this included industries such as steel and petrochemicals, consumer goods, cameras, televisions, boats, motorcycles and of course, cars. Japan was then becoming one of the largest producers of boats, cameras, televisions and cars in the world. In 1970, just over 30% of exports went to the United States, about 15% to Western Europe and more than 15% to Southeast Asia, where the main buyers were Hong Kong, Thailand, Philippines and Singapore.As 1973 finished the oil crisis began, resulting in the worldwide economic changes that ended the Japanese phase of exceptionally rapid economic growth. As a country dependent on oil, Japan experienced a huge increase in their import bills and a general rise on their prices. rising slope oil prices had their biggest impact on high users of energy such as the steel industry and petrochemical industries which were once the center of the Japanese economic miracle. On the other hand, the global recession caused a fall in foreign demand for products such as boats, machinery and tools.When these changes began to take place, politicians from the Japanese Ministry of International Trade and Industry discrete to reorient the industry moving away from the manufacturing of products that heavily relied on imported raw materials and focusing (especially through technological innovations) on the new technologies that reflected higher and newer principles. This grade included the automotive industry, by 1980 Japan produced more cars than the United States, the computer industry also suffered a major development.Balance between trade imports and exports in Japan had a surplus for twenty years, which allowed substantial capital outflows in the long run. After some years and because of this Japan became one of the major creditor countries in the world. By the late 1987, Japanese investment abroad had reached a profit of twenty-three billion dollars. United States was the country where most of the investments were made, six hundred Japanese factories were based on American soil, about a hundred of which were electronics, automobiles or any other kind of technological machinery.The Meiji Restoration marked the beginning of modern Japanese society, introducing a process of modernization in a western manner. In the second half of the nineteenth century, the global triumph of capitalism, and the ideas and beliefs that seemed to legitimize it, were moving certain regions of the world (apart from the w est) towards this new set of ideas. Resistance to outside pressure did never occur, and modernization presented itself as the only means towards conservation and tradition.For a hundred years, the conflict on whether to live by an Asian fashion or by modern Western fashion was a constant theme of Japanese society. The first move towards modernization took place during the Meiji Revolution Westernization was the driving force for the transformation of Japan, since the West had the key to success and therefore, the rest had to imitate them. Almost every event that took place since 1945, seemed to strengthen the trend towards modern Parliamentary Democracy the government bureaucratic structure, trade unions, the education system, etc.Everything had its origin in European and American culture and was imitated later on by other countries. Same happened in all aspects of daily life buses and trains, offices and factories, television, newspaper, clothing, even food. On the other hand, I ne ed to formulate that the code of ethics is still largely Confucian. Nor should we ignore religion as a link with tradition because, after the war, there has been a considerable rise of new religious movements, most of whom claim to have traditional backgrounds. These phenomena are not something modern, and certainly not Western.However, it may now make perceive not to identify the Japanese as Asians. Much of the Japanese culture and tradition traces its origins to cultures outside of Japan, but these different habits had been so completely assimilated over time that had become in fact Japanese. It is in this sense why Japan cannot completely be defined as having an Asian identity neither can it be framed within the set of traits defined by the West. Japan must be understood as a society with their own characteristics which draw a nation economically and culturally unique.Bibliography Gerlach, Michael L.. Alliance capitalism the social organization of Japanese business. Berkeley U niversity of California Press, 1992. Print. Marshall, Byron K.. Capitalism and nationalism in prewar Japan the ideology of the business elite, 1868-1941. Stanford, Calif. Stanford University Press, 1967. Print. Sakakibara, Eisuke. Beyond capitalism the Japanese model of market economics. Lanham, MD University Press Of America, 1993. Print. Shinto (religion) Britannica Online Encyclopedia. Encyclopedia Britannica Online Encyclopedia.Web. 28 March. 2011. . Tavares, Maria da Conceicao, Ernani Teixeira Filho, y Leonardo Burlamaqui. Japon un caso ejemplar de capitalismo organizado. Santiago de Chile CEPAL, Comision Economica rica Latina y el Caribe, 1993. Print. Meiji Restoration (Japanese history) Britannica Online Encyclopedia. Encyclopedia Britannica Online Encyclopedia. Web. 1 Apr. 2011. . Meiji Restoration/Revolution in Japan. San Jose State University Powering Silicon Valley. Web. 2 Apr. 2011. . 2 . Meiji Restoration/Revolution in Japan. San Jose State University Poweri ng Silicon Valley. Web. 2 Apr. 2011. . 3 . Tavares, Maria da Conceicao, Ernani Teixeira Filho, y Leonardo Burlamaqui. Japon un caso ejemplar de capitalismo organizado. Santiago de Chile CEPAL, Comision Economica rica Latina y el Caribe, 1993. Print. 4 . Gerlach, Michael L..Alliance capitalism the social organization of Japanese business. Berkeley University of California Press, 1992. Print. 5 . Marshall, Byron K.. Capitalism and nationalism in prewar Japan the ideology of the business elite, 1868-1941. Stanford, Calif. Stanford University Press, 1967. Print. 6 . Marshall, Byron K.. Capitalism and nationalism in prewar Japan the ideology of the business elite, 1868-1941. Stanford, Calif. Stanford University Press, 1967. Print. 7 . Tavares, Maria da Conceicao, Ernani Teixeira Filho, y Leonardo Burlamaqui.Japon un caso ejemplar de capitalismo organizado. Santiago de Chile CEPAL, Comision Economica rica Latina y el Caribe, 1993. Print. 8 . Shinto (religion) Britannica Online En cyclopedia. Encyclopedia Britannica Online Encyclopedia. Web. 28 March. 2011. . 9 . Sakakibara, Eisuke. Beyond capitalism the Japanese model of market economics. Lanham, MD University Press Of America, 1993. Print. 10 . Meiji Restoration (Japanese history) Britannica Online Encyclopedia. Encyclopedia Britannica Online Encyclopedia. Web. 1 Apr. 2011.

Eymp 4 1.1

1. 1 Health and Safety Factors. Factors Within early years settings, on that point argon various factors to consider for both in adit and outdoor activities. Things that need to be considered with indoor activities are Safety Safety gates are infallible within any setting with children to keep them safe and secure. The safety gates are used prevent children causing any rail at to themselves. Also, safety equipment is mandatory such as safety scissors to prevent the children randomly cutting themselves. High tables and chairs cannot be used within any setting where there are children.Low tables are needed as it prevents children running into them and causing themselves harm and prevents them giving themselves concussion. Low chairs are used because they cant cause any harm to the child whereas if they were high chairs, the children could reach for something and fall off the chair. High door handles are very often used early years settings as it prevents the children from attempting to impart the door and often there are two handles, a low and a high one so even if the children opened the low door handle, theyd need the high one open to be able to leave.Risk assessments are also needed for anyone Security Early years settings can give birth a mass amount of security such as buzzers and identity cards. Buzzers are used so only the rung members can leave and come to the setting at any time they can and need to. This also prevents strangers wandering into the setting. Staff members should also charter ID cards, CRB checks all that they are fully qualify to work within that setting.Also, if any other person is to collect a child from the nursery, the parents would need to ring up in advance to alert the staff otherwise if the carer comes into the setting to collect a child, the receptionist would need to ring the parents first to see if it was okay for that person to collect the child, otherwise the parent would normally have to collect that child. Health Wi thin the early years setting, the childrens health is a big thing. To keep them healthy, theyd need to maintain a equilibrise diet and have regular exercise.For the child to keep regular exercise, the setting usually has both indoor and outdoor play areas that help to stimulate the childrens learning environment. An outdoor activity gives the child the freedom they need and also gives them more room to move around. The children tend to exercise without acknowledging it. Various activities such as bikes and running around generally helps keep them in a healthy form and active. The cafeteria provides a balanced diet so the child can set down all the nutrients they need.

Building Refurbishment and maintenance

A sustainable building is a building which is in its construction performs in an environmentally sound way, essentially in terms of verve and water efficiency and waste/pollution attention. These key factors are the core of buildings sustainability after its maintenance. They too result in minimum environmental pollution hence no environmental risk Optimizing energy use- With concerns for energy security increasing, its springy to guess the impact of atomic number 19house gases on world climate rising, therefore essential to find of reducing load, increase efficiency and utilize renewable energy resources.Considering the refurbished building both the restaurant and the bar. Backup power energy should be put into consideration, they include solar source, battery backup for the pool/ fob ball over and both restaurant and bar. Energy usage should be shared according to the need of each floors need. Cabling of both the data and power cables should be done by professionals to avoi d any future power problem including disaster in because building. Protect and conserve water- In many parts of the country, fresh-cut water is an increasingly scarce resource.A sustainable building should reduce control, or treat site-runoff, use water efficiently, and reuse or recycle water for on-the-scene(prenominal) use when feasible. In the building the distribution of the water resource should also be based in each floors needs. Determining water consumption during the growth of a strategy for retaining water for re-use (commonly the water is re-used is toilet flushing, cooling towers or irrigation) (Taylor, 2006). The main bar and restaurant are a priority compared to the upper snooker and pool floor.Its also vital to create a reservoir for the buildings water on top of the snooker/pool floor. This will enhance sustainability of and so building in terms of water resource. Use of environmentally preferable products- This sustainable building should be constructed of mate rials that will minimize life-cycle environmental impacts or bump such as global warming, resource depletion, and human deadlyity. The Executive order 13423 defines these environmentally preferable materials.They are products or works that relieve oneself a minimal or reduced effect on human health and the environment when compared with competing products or attends serving similar purpose. Thus, they contribute to improved worker galosh and also health, reduced liabilities, reduced disposal costs, hence enhancing the buildings sustainability. Enhance indoor environmental quality- The indoor environmental quality of the building has a evidentiary impact on occupant health, comfort, and productivity.Therefore this intended sustainable building should maximize day lighting with appropriate ventilation and moisture control, no use of materials with high-Volatile fundamental Compounds emissions. Additional consideration must be given to ventilation and filtration to mitigate che mical, biological, and radiological attack in the general building. The building should also consider remedies to smokers in the bar and snooker /pool apartment and be able to ensure that no-smokers in and out of the building are not affected. This can be comfortably enhanced by creating a special room to cater for such customers.This room should be sealed and properly ventilated to avoid any port virulent pollution to the environment. The building should also touch on fates of environmental legislation, protect and enhance natural environment and protect human health and well being. perfect operational and maintenance practices- Its also vital to incorporate operating and maintenance considerations into the refurbishing of this facility this will greatly contribute to improved working environments, high productivity and reduced energy and resource costs.Designers should be encouraged to specify materials and systems that simplify or reduce maintenance requirements, such shou ld require less water, energy, and toxic chemicals and cleaners to exercise and are cost-effective and reduce life-cycle costs hence enhancing sustainability if the building in general. In general ensuring the specification refurbished and maintained building takes invoice of economic, social and environmental issues and should set targets for key performance indicators, such as energy, water use and waste production minimized. .Reflective question My personal reflection of then research on adopting and maintaining a building such as this story building is varied in my view and understanding. They consecutively include- Important issues-Its vital and important to consider energy, water, and environmental impacts of the building during refurbishment and maintenance. Energy enhances and ensures the buildings sustainability by providing necessary energy requirement for both the restaurant and the bar. A expert measure for backup of energy also ensures the buildings sustainability.Wa ter is a major consideration in any premise that is to be sustained for a long time. Ensuring that compensate measures and precautions are taken to conserve this precious commodity will lead to the buildings sustainability. Environmental precautions from all harmful products are also a necessity to consider not only to sustain the building but also to ensure the safety of the people in the premise. Meaningful issues It was meaningful to establish a fall in design model that enhances the buildings sustainability. I found out the benefits of documenting a maintenance policy becausecomprehensive maintenance policy will facilitate compliance with relevant brass policies and statutory requirements hence ensuring the buildings sustainability. Facilitate consistency in department of bar, restaurant and snooker/pool rooms, maintenance also promote effective maintenance and management practices among departmental addition and facility managers support the conduct of maintenance activitie s by service providers. The determination of condition standard ratings for building assets as per MMF policy requirement 2 is fundamental to the maintenance management process.The standards provide a clear statement of the level to which assets in the building must be maintained to meet service delivery needs. Condition standards are the departmental maintenance strategies and plans Building Maintenance Policy, Strategy Development Maintenance Management Framework Guideline 5 element groups ( resembling superstructure, finishes, services) elements (like roof, external walls, floor finishes, lighting, air conditioning) sub-elements (like brick walls, distribution boards, ductwork, controls).are benchmarks against which building condition assessment results is evaluated (thus identifying the extent of any gap between desired and substantial building condition) facilitate the analysis of actual condition over time (such as detection, monitoring and forward-projection of trends in bu ilding condition) hence, during the condition assessment process, maintenance service providers focus only on work required to bring up an asset to the specified condition (rather than unnecessarily identify work that may best departmental requirements).Determination of condition standards is more effective when undertaken by departmental teams involving facility managers asset user representatives business managers portfolio asset managers and maintenance service providers. Good issues- I also noted that assessing all thinkable uses of existing buildings, recycling buildings and spaces for reuse in the shortest practicable time, saves as much as possible of the existing infrastructure. Keeping records of what is there at the moment is important, prior to any demolition process.Decisive issues I also noted that the condition of a building refurbishing asset such as a buildings physical state of repair influences its physical and also functional performance. Its vital for a buildi ng to define standard such Condition standard rating, departmental maintenance, as before assigning a condition standard rating to a building asset, departments should cautiously consider what they require of that asset (bar and Restaurant and the snooker/pool rooms). The ratings should begin with a review of departments service delivery plan.This review determines The cruciality to service delivery, and the required function for each of the three building portfolio. (1) Assigning condition standard ratings (2) preparing a departmental maintenance strategy (3) developing a Strategic Maintenance Plan. Uncomfortable issues It was also worth and uncomfortable to note that finishes of building elements such as walls and coatings of certain equipment inside buildings can release toxic contaminants into air, causing air pollution especially indoors. Another problem of building use is the generation of solid waste and wastewater in this time of fewer water supplies.Conclusions To conclud e the refurbishing and maintenance of the three story building with a bar, restaurant and snooker/pool. It has been vehemently established that in refurbishing a building like this, to enhance its sustainability, one should consider the three main factors that include energy, water and environmental concerns of both the inhabitants and the neighbours, but also not neglecting other factors that lead to its sustainability that have been discussed above. Re-evaluation of the energy and water performance of each building that has been completed has to be implemented (Adelaide City Council, 2007).Therefore considering all this one will be able to refurbish, maintain and sustain a building. Sources Managing Your Environmental Responsibilities. ( 2005). A Planning Guide for Construction Development by U. S. Environmental Protection Agency Taylor, B. (2006. June), The ten key principles of green fire, White Paper, Melbourne Adelaide City Council (2007), Environment projects, Accessed from h ttp//www. adelaidecitycouncil. com/scripts/nc. dll? ADCCSTANDARDpc=PC_175 The State University of New York (2004). UB High Performance Building Guidelines by the University at Buffalo, the State University of New York

William Golding – Lord of the Flies

How does the novel reflect the concerns of the author and the duration it was written? William Golding was an incline author, actor and school teacher. He was born in 1911 and lived until he was 82 years old. During his life, Golding experienced 2 world wars. These world wars shaped the way he viewed the world, especially WWII as he was part of the destruction of German ships on D-Day. These experiences were a big reason why Golding chose to become an author.Golding wrote many books but whizz book really showcased his thoughts and feelings rough humans and how merciless they truly can be. This book is of course is Lord of the Flies, which was published in 1954 at a time where the world fe atomic number 18d of a thermonuclear war. For those of you who dont know the book, Lord of the Flies is a book ab kayoed a group of young schoolboys, who are stuck on an island and in a time of chaos and fear, turn to savagery, resulting in horrific actions and behaviours. These behaviours and actions are written with such detail that it makes the action even much horrific.For pillow slip in chapter 11 one of the boys, Roger, pushes a boulder off the edge which results in the death of one of the boys, piggy, it reads, His head opened and stuff came out and turned red. Piggys arms and legs twitched a bit, like a atomic number 29s after it has been killed. Golding says in an article, What turns children into savages that he includes descriptions like these to get the ratifier thinking about how cruel humans can really act towards one another and how it can hurt innocent people.I mentioned before that the book showcases the rigorousness of humans however it similarly has links to the horrific actions that occurred in WWII. For prototype in the book the boys use a chant when they are hunting, pop the pig Cut his throat Kill the pig Bash him in This quote relates to WWII as there were a lot of unnecessary actions done to people, especially Jews. For example in the c oncentration camps, Jews were rack even though they were going to be killed anyway.In Lord of the Flies the pigs are the Jews as they are being killed and and so tortured or this case bashed in. some other example is one of the boys, Jack. He constantly singles out and bullies Piggy because of his appearance, as he is fat, has asthma and wears glasses. These features make Piggy different compared to the other boys. For example in chapter 4 it reads, Jack smacked Piggys head. Piggys glasses flew off and tinkled on the rocks. From these actions we can weigh that Jack shows some comparison to Hitler as he killed Jews because they were different.In conclusion William Goldings novel, Lord of the Flies reflects his concerns of human cruelty as well as his own experiences and views on WWII. Thank you William Golding was an English author, actor and school teacher. He was born in 1911 and lived until he was 82 years old. During his life, Golding experienced 2 world wars. These world wa rs shaped the way he viewed the world, especially WWII as he was part of the destruction of German ships on D-Day. These experiences were a big reason why Golding chose to become an author.Golding wrote many books but one book really showcased his thoughts and feelings about humans and how cruel they truly can be. This book is of course is Lord of the Flies, which was published in 1954 at a time where the world feared of a nuclear war. For those of you who dont know the book, Lord of the Flies is a book about a group of young schoolboys, who are stuck on an island and in a time of chaos and fear, turn to savagery, resulting in horrific actions and behaviours. These behaviours and actions are written with such detail that it makes the action even more horrific. For example in chapter 11 one of the boys, Roger, pushes a boulder off the edge which results in the death of one of the boys, Piggy, it reads, His head opened and stuff came out and turned red. Piggys arms and legs twitched a bit, like a pigs after it has been killed. Golding says in an article, What turns children into savages that he includes descriptions like these to get the reader thinking about how cruel humans can really act towards one another and how it can hurt innocent people.I mentioned before that the book showcases the cruelty of humans however it also has links to the horrific actions that occurred in WWII . For example in the book the boys use a chant when they are hunting, Kill the pig Cut his throat Kill the pig Bash him in This quote relates to WWII as there were a lot of unnecessary actions done to people, especially Jews. For example in the concentration camps, Jews were tortured even though they were going to be killed anyway. In Lord of the Flies the pigs are the Jews as they are being killed and then tortured or this case bashed in.Another example is one of the boys, Jack. He constantly singles out and bullies Piggy because of his appearance, as he is fat, has asthma and wea rs glasses. These features make Piggy different compared to the other boys. For example in chapter 4 it reads, Jack smacked Piggys head. Piggys glasses flew off and tinkled on the rocks. From these actions we can see that Jack shows some resemblance to Hitler as he killed Jews because they were different. In conclusion William Goldings novel, Lord of the Flies reflects his concerns of human cruelty as well as his own experiences and views on WWII. Thank you

Blockbuster Films Essay

Extra-terrestrial beings, intergalactic space flight, fictionalized re-telling of actual historical events, biological disasters that either threaten or bring human existence to a screeching halt, these are several of the most common elements and themes found in blockbuster films. But falln the varying elements of blockbusters in film history, certain uncertainties give the term no exact definition. Yet, people, regardless if they are dilettantes or ordinary viewers, are able to determine if a particular film is a blockbuster or non.Traditionally, blockbusters are regarded as films that denote popularity or success in production, but there is no authoritative body that gives requirements or criteria for judgement for films to be classified as blockbusters. Likewise, there exist no actual norms and standards on how films are to be classified as such. The fact that there uncertainty prevails oer the true definition of a blockbuster leads to questions such as is it based on towering budgets and high production values?Are blockbusters made through with(predicate) the popularity of the actors involved in the film? Or are blockbusters created and classified based on the brilliant, and seemingly flawless ideas spawned by a particular filmmakers imagination? In any event, Julian Stringers (2) introduction to the book, Movie Blockbusters, asserts that the term has an elusive nature because the meaning of the term blockbuster if used in the stage setting of motion pictures is never fixed or clear.However, Stringer denotes that the terms definition varies dependent of who speaks and what is being said (2). Stringers definition implies that a blockbuster does not necessarily have to have big budgets or sophisticated on-screen effects, rather, a complex spectacle that poses as a genre of the cinematic tradition. And by saying that a blockbuster is a genre, the distinct elements of the cinematic tradition categorize such films under blockbuster Take the case of Christo pher Nolans 2008 blockbuster super crampfish film The unforgiving knight.Apart from the concept of a masked vigilante using high-powered gadgets to ensure that no more 8-year old boy would lose his parents again, the idea of a rich, powerful, and influential individual sporting a caped suit and a mask to fight crime is can only be meant for children, or to some extremity what the American culture came to call, the geeks.. Nevertheless, The Dark Knight managed to crawl its way to the hearts and minds of millions of movie goers.Set in a Gotham City manifesting itself as an archetypal metropolis fired up by the sound of progress, but haunted by the vestiges of underground criminal activity, hypocrisy, and corruption, The Dark Knight revolves around Jokers insane ploys to disgrace Gotham Citys law enforcement department while trying to reveal Batmans alter-ego in the process. Putting Lieutenant James Gordon and District attorney Harvey Dent in his primary hit list, Batman bends and distorts his principles in life to put a lid on the Jokers irritating humour. As previously menti unmatchabled, the elements incorporated wi reduce a particular film create blockbusters.The Dark Knight is no exception as the actors and the films spell cooperate to venture the superhero genre to blockbuster. New York Times film critic Manohla Dargis describes Nolans The Dark Knight as a film that stands between the thin blurry lines of art and industry, as well as poetry and entertainment. This is because the dark portrayal of the characters in the film gives a totally new perspective on comic book characters in contexts beyond the limitations of comic strips. The Joker ( heath Ledger), for instance introduces the audience to what he calls a break dance class of criminal.The Joker is meant to become the irony of his own name that he exhibits a serious psychotic nature through gestures such as facial expressions and his walk (Nolan). Nolans Joker provides a justification for his cr iminal sanity by comparing himself to normal civilized individuals who feel that the laws being imposed make the world a safer and a better place. It is quite apparent in the Jokers motives that he questions the morality of the corrupt law enforcement officers and politicians who allegedly feel that they are on the side of right.Heath Ledgers performance as the Joker single-handedly carries the film to blockbuster status because of the dark, sadistic approach to the baddies persona. Acclaimed film critic Roger Ebert of the Chicago Sun Times writes that Nolans Joker steps up in such a way that he puts up ingenious situations where Batman (Christian Bale), jurisprudence Lieutenant James Gordon, and District Attorney Harvey Dent (Aaron Eckheart) are placed in tight situations that challenges their morality in every sense.Dialogue is also one of the promising elements that place a particular film in the blockbuster genre. This is in large part brought about by languages potency to lea ve an indelible mark to viewers from all walks of life. Adding more magnificence to the already unique, yet chilling gestures, the Jokers lines exhibit a foreign implication that justifies his psychotic ploys. Simply put, how the Joker justifies the sadistic choices he gives to his adversaries establishes a different consciousness to people, especially ones who are oppressed by supremacists and bullies.In a similar magnitude, Eckhearts iconic line either you die a hero or you live long enough to see yourself become the villain (Nolan), tattoos a harsh reality that serves as a portrait of the current state of political. By literally and figuratively living to his words, Harvey Dent taps a reality, though morbid, reflects how power becomes self-destructive in such a way that it corrupts people who hold it. Apart from the remarkable performances, the films sinister and tragical plot spells out the word blockbuster.Primarily, Nolans The Dark Knight poetically departs from the typical good versus evil comic book plots. Nolans Dark Knight becomes darker as Gothams beloved citizen start to pile up for the caped crusaders arrest, the Jokers sick, demented mind takes advantage and prompts the infamous hero to come out and get him. Roger Ebert describes the plot as haunted that exceeds the boundaries of its comic book origins and transcends in to a shocking tale of tragedy.This is because most of the films scenes engages both the audience and the films protagonists to decide on moral dilemmas. In the end, no matter what choice the hero makes, a scar is left hand on his morale and his identity. Ebert adds that because of the actors ability to captivate the audience and because of how the films special effects respect the emotional acting, the audience are blindsided by the gambling that pierces to their compassionate side. Through-the-roof funding and sophisticated production principles seem to pave the way for blockbuster films.But then again, how would a certain fi lm become gentle and tasteful to the audience if it does not bring the promising elements in to consideration. Through its gloomy intensity and dark and horrifying humour, The Dark Knight managed to balance the cargo production values with the term blockbuster. Likewise, the serious and cruel undertones of the films plot not just redefines superhero movies but it clarifies what classifies as blockbuster as well. deeds Cited Stringer, Julian. Movie Blockbusters. New York Routledge, 2003. Dargis, Manohla.Showdown in Gotham Town. 18 July 2008. The New York Times Online. 22 October 2008 http//movies. nytimes. com/2008/07/18/movies/18knig. html. Ebert, Roger. The Dark Knight. 16 July 2008. Roger Eberts Official Website. 22 October 2008 http//rogerebert. suntimes. com/apps/pbcs. dll/ phrase? AID=/20080716/REVIEWS/55996637/1023. Nolan, Christopher. IGN interview on Christopher Nolan. 6 December 2007. The Dark Knight. Dir. Christopher Nolan. Perf. Christian Bale, Heath Ledger, Gary O ldman, and Aaron Eckheart. Warner Brothers, 2008.

Creative Writing – “Relief”

he phone rang. It broke the silence of my see thing rage. Its high piercing sound blind drunk me for some reason. I wanted to scream.Lisa wouldnt norm every(prenominal)y cause me to feel that way (maybe it wasnt just Lisa, but she had been getting to me recently). As twins we were supposed to share a special bond, and usually we got on really well. Despite organism only four minutes older than Lisa, I often felt strangely antifertility of her.With curly blonde hair and brown eyes we looked totally identical, but the similarities ended there. Lisas favourite word was change upstart outfit, new boyfriend, new hairstyle and so on. I was calmer. I had two very close friends Hannah and Angie, and a steady boyfriend Adam.That was a nonher part of the reason why I was at hearthstone and in such a state. I had just got to the party, after being held up with my friend Laura, who was upset to the highest degree family problems.Things between Adam and I had not been going well recently, and tonight he had arranged to meet me at six, so we could talk. It was nearly seven. I feared the worst, but friends do come first.However I was not prepared for the scene that met my eyes. I stood transfixed. Something sharp went straight through my heart. there stood Lisa and Adam, alone.Two of the people closest to me, I could not believe it. I ran. A huge bubble of emotion was trying in vain to escape from with in me, but it didnt seem to know how. I could feel crying welling up. I wanted to scream, hit someone, collapse in a heap and break down and sink into the ground all at once. Then my emotions quieted and he silent tears began rolling down my cheeks.I reached the deserted bus stop, when the bus came that was deserted too. My whole life seemed deserted. As soon as I was home I dialled Hannahs number then the grim realisation hit me All my friends were at the party, my parents were out, my older brother Phil was out.A fresh wave of rejection, anger, treachery and total e mptiness swept over me, and suddenly I felt very tired. I peeled glowering my clothes and went to bed.How could Lisa have done that? It wasnt something she would do. adoption my clothes? Yes. Shirking chores? Yes. Forgetting favours I asked her? Yes. Trying to sort out my love life with some crazy scheme and making it worse instead? Yes. besides stealing my boyfriend? No.Adam? Did the last 10 months mean nothing to him? What about all the special times we had shared together? What about all the I love yous? I felt the bubble return. That was when the phone rang. I left it to ring. It cut off, and then rang again. This time I answered helloHello, is this the Scott house?YesWho am I speaking to?AliAlison? This is Hertfordshire policeWhat on earth could the police want? A new emotion hit me Fear. I listened with trepidation.There has been an accident on the railway bridge Blue Ford Fiesta, young driver, medium build, blonde curly hair. We believe it to be your sisterLisa. It was Lis a.Where is she? Is she ok? I asked.Shes at Princess Alexandra hospital. I think its best if you get yourself up there as soon as possible. Your parents are there already.I ended the conversation.I walked over to Sarahs to see if her parents drive me. I didnt think about it, I just did it. I couldnt think. Val and Mike were out. I went over to HelensHelens unsounded asked no questions. I couldnt have answered even if she had. She drove me in silence. It was only a twenty minute journey although it seemed to last forever. I was not crying. A strange unemotionality had come over me. I couldnt think or do or feel anything. There seemed to be a gap where my stomach was and my heart was lacing so loudly the whole of Sawbridgeworth could probably hear.Finally we reached the hospital. Helens mum put her arm around me and led me. Somehow she knew where to go. All my resentful thoughts about Lisa had melted. I felt empty, small and absolutely terrified.I found myself sitting in a green cha ir. It was a sick green, the green you always find in hospitals. I could see my dad looking grave, his arm around my mum, who was silently crying. Suddenly I noticed there was an arm around me, it was Adams. I agitate it off.A prepare stood by me he held a glass of water and a small round white tablet. He was telling me to take it.Wheres Lisa? I askedThey did all they could for her. She wanted to tell you something. She kept calling Ali, Ali all the time she was conscious. She said that she loved you. We think she was driving to see you. She was driving very fast, the roadstead are icy He saidHe didnt need to tell me anymore. I knew. Lisa. Lisa was dead. Lisa was dead. It was my fault. I began to cry.Ali, take the pill. You need it It was Adams voice. I could see Charlie and Amy sitting by him, looking concerned and upset. There was something odd about that, but I couldnt figure out what.I couldnt take the pill. They didnt understand. I had killed my sister. If I hadnt gone off sh e never would have driven to see me. They couldnt make me take drugs to numb the pain until there was none.Alison, this is hard enough on your parents as it is, take it for them coaxed the doctorI looked to my dadAli, this is hard on all of us, especially you, take the tablet, darling he said in a hushed tone.Time passed in a blur. I had no idea if it was day or night, or how long I had stayed in my room. My mum kept bringing me those white pills. I was numb. I slept, cried, and just sat for hours, overwhelmed by shock, guilt and sheer emptiness.One morning my mum came in and asked me to come and see Lisas room. I followed her and my dad. For no unvarnished reason I was now feeling scared. My mum opened the door. It felt as though it symbolised something but I didnt know what. I gasped. Lisas room, usually strewn with clothes, constitution and everything else under the sun, was tidy. Moreover all her stuff had been removed and it had been redecorated. I couldnt take it. I broke do wn.Lisa was like my other half, I was incomplete without her. It was like being half dead. My dad looked at me I could see it hurt him even to do that. Would it always be like this? Would I serve as a constant reminder of Lisa?Ali, a voice called. It was a familiar voice. It was Lisa. Was I dreaming? I closed my eyes and opened them again. I was lying in my bed. Lisa was shaking me.Ali, you left the party. I didnt get a chance to tell youI just looked at her, utterly bewildered. I reached out my hand and touched(p) her.Youre alive, I murmured.She looked a me briefly as though I was insane, then carried on,Adam was waiting for you, and you didnt come. It was my fault things were going badly between you two, so I pretended to be you to make it all better. I was going to tell you, but I couldnt find you. I worked out what you saw, and Im sorry.But Lisa, youre alive I stammered.This time she looked at me even more quizzically, so I explained what had happened down to every last detail. Ali, said Angie gently, it was a dream, it must have been. Were all fine, your mum and dad are out, and remember Charlie moved to Belgium in August.I was totally dazed. I felt as if I had been asleep a few century years, instead of a few hours.So Lisa isnt dead and she never went with Adam, I said uncertainly.I cant believe you even thought such a thing exclaimed Lisa. Oh Ali, Im so sorryEveryones downstairs, Ill go down and explain. You come when youre ready. said Angie.I couldnt restrain myself any longer. I whooped and threw my arms around Lisa, who looked shocked but pleased.My residuum was so immense. I would never hate Lisa again. I was close on euphoric. I slipped my arm through Lisas and we went downstairs.Amy and Miranda had made up some sandwiches, and after all that had happened I think we all needed them. I was still incredibly tired, but I felt the sudden urge to hug everyone. My emotions were running so high. When I hugged Adam he stroked my hair and whispered, Im sor ry about everything that happened. I love you.Before I knew it he was kissing me deeply.Charlie phoned to say Happy new year.Everyone looked so happy now. As Lisa said, Its like a dream.We all laughed. It felt so good. Relief.

What is Substance Abuse Counseling

I am just starting to learn about the dynamics of substance abuse focus. At this point, early on in my nurture, I understand it to be a practice of advocacy to assist those persons with several(a) levels of dependency in relation to drugs, alcohol and chemical dependency to a road of convalescence. Substance abuse counseloring identifies he source of the addiction through assessments and screening scratchs and offers solutions to the client.A substance abuse counselors duty is to offer self-direction by giving advice and resources that will assist in getting clean, not to convince or to turn them on which route to take in the road to recovery. Substance abuse counseling offers many levels of resources for recovery, in relations to addictions and illnesses that derive from or ca utilise by the addiction, analyzing psycho and mental health, and referring them to entrance professionals that can assist them nipple the recovery process and helping them to understand how to get better.WHEN Substance abuse counseling would be appropriate when a client indicates a need to recover from an addition or dependency. The counselor determines what course of action at law to take through a series of assessments and screening instruments. Counseling would be ideal as swell up for persons that are court-ordered to attend counseling. At this point, the courts nourish determined there Is an addiction or dependency publishing that was derived from satellites that took place with the client prior to appointing this treatment.Counseling Is needed when a client asks for resources In relation to addiction recovery and other crawls that derive from addiction or dependency, such as family Issues, health Issues and challenges that affect the clients quality of sustenance that were directly or Indirectly stemmed from the challenges of their addiction or dependency. A counselor would counsel because they have a desire to assist a client to recover from their addiction. My in terest in assisting those with challenges of addiction drives me to land hard to find solutions that will aid the client in recovery.Counseling is used as a tool of advocacy for clients that are in the recovery process. It has been a very effective avenue of treatment and is used because it helps to not only identify the source of the problem, but also how to recover from the problem, also to address the various areas that are connected to the root problem which is addiction. Counseling is beneficial, because of its wide scope that targets all areas of the clients problems. The referral service that counselors nominate not only helps the problem, but also the other problems that derive from the core reason the client s there, which is the addiction or dependency.Im true there are things in this essay that may not be 100% correct when it comes down to the dynamics of counseling and What it is, When we counsel and Why we counsel. I count I only have the minimal understanding of wh at substance abuse counseling is, but I am very determined to learn more and stick fluent in its language, its debt of resources and how to effectively counsel someone. My goal is to be that bridge for someone that is addicted or dependent to a person that is only recovered.I have high interest in this discipline because I have a desire to pretend a difference. I understand that I must continuously educate myself with knowledge in the field so that I can be the most effective resource for the client. I am learning that Counselors use a lot of tests, assessments and screening tools to determine the best course of action for the client. I study the most challenging portion of learning how to counsel is remembering what tool applies to what situation. I am sure as time progresses and I learn more about counseling and the dynamics of counseling, it will become more familiar.

Chapter Reflection

I mint in spades see myself apply some of the stuff that I read about in this chapter in my true schoolroom. The first class of this chapter was all about the deferent levels of curriculum integration. I check offed that there are three polar levels of integration connected, shared, and partnered. The least complicated of the three is connected, and would lust Involve me, as the instructor, making unbiased connections between two subject areas.I hold that this would involve me looking at two subjects and whence take a chanceing the common ground that they share so that I could reinforce knowledge from one subject In another. The second level would be shared, which would Involve taking salary incepts in two or more subjects and reinforcing them in each of the subjects. You want to be able to reinforce some involvement in one subject, and do the same thing for the other. The keyword Is share. I conditioned that the last level, partnered. Is often the virtually difficult. I t would be the more or less difficult because it involves a team of instructors discussing the same big ideas.I cipher that this would be difficult because each teacher In the team might have a divers(prenominal) Idea about what would be take up and It might be difficult to keep what is most grave at the center of the discussion. Integration stinker definitely be hard, but it is doable. The next arm of the chapter pour forthed about devising your own cross-disciplinary topics. The big thing about this section was the matrix that was included to second us think about cross-disciplinary studies so that we stooge create our own topic connections.When filling out the matrix, It will become easier to see where commonalities whitethorn lie. just about links will come easily to us, but I think that this matrix will definitely be of use to me in the future. Matrixes and tables always have a way of making things easier to observe and understand. This Is just now the most basic, and the rest of the chapter got a little more technical and specific with ideas. The next big section of this chapter was about interdisciplinary examples for linking sensual education content to other subjects.For math, we could do things like ask students to find their maximum heart rate that they reached after Jumping rope, or ask students about what shapes they whoremonger perish apply the lines of a basketball court. With language arts, children could read books based on movement or pluckys, which would help students make links with physical education, or we could also have them write l can sentences that shed about things that they can do in the ball below my waist, and by keeping my head up. We could corporate physical education with science by having the students hop into the air, and then ask them why they come bulge out after they Jump. With social studies, we could do things like ask students how games that we play in the US are different than the way they are pla yed in other countries, or we could ask our students to think about things that they do after school and then whether or not they were available to children 30 years go. It is very important for connections to be made because, when they are, students are more in all probability to learn and retain information.Theyre also more likely to learn when theyre having fun and enjoying themselves. If we can find a way for them to do this and become more physically fit, then that is always a bonus The last section of this chapter was about how you can apply schoolroom study topics to physical education lessons. There were lots of different ideas listed in this section as well. afterward reading all of the ideas and suggestions that were presented in his chapter, it only confirmed what I believed before. Children are more likely to learn when theyre having fun.When you incorporate classroom topics into physical education, children may think theyre being given the chance to play when, in rea lity, theyre also learning. The more we can do this, the better I definitely pattern on using some of the ideas from this section in the future. The ideas put forth in this chapter were very useful to me. I plan on being creative and, in the future, taking some of these ideas and expanding on them to make them my own. I firm believe that the more active we can get our students, the better.Over to You 1) I would say that I am the most creative in finding a way to make something work. If something doesnt work, I try everything I can to achieve the end result that I want or the ideal end result. Sometimes it may not be the most conventional way of doing things, but my somewhat creative mind gets the handicraft done that way. I also like making things look pretty, and I have found that I will often find a creative way to make something stand out. I think it definitely has an advantage in finding connections.It will help me look for similarities between two subjects and then find a wa y to bring them together based on their common ground. Im a believer that there is usually always a way to make something work. 2) To find ideas about cross-disciplinary learning, I could talk to my teachers and fellow colleagues, especially those who have been around in the profession longer than a new teacher has. They know what works and what doesnt work, and could be a great source of ideas and advice. Academic Journals could also be a good source of information and ideas. When in bout Ask ) You could have students design a game that would make them become more active while, at the same time, helping them to review content that theyve learned in the classroom. You want to get your students up and moving in any way that you possibly can. You can also have your students look at how certain popular games here in the US (such as baseball and basketball) might be played differently in other countries, and then have the students seek to play the games being physically active. 4) I t hink that, for me, it would be easier to take classroom epics and apply them to physical education lessons.I could take my students on nature walks. I could also strive to plan more lessons and activities for the classroom that would get them to become more active. I think its definitely easier for me to incorporate physical education into the classroom. It gives me an pass through which I can be very creative, and I love that. I also think that it would help me to become more active as well, as I would have to kind of go through the motions to find out what would work best with my students and what wouldnt.

College sports gambling Essay

With each(prenominal) of the controversy of childs play in college sports, why is the issue still an issue? The answer is money. There were actions taken towards this by Congress, tho the problem is that it was neer completely abolished. Congress had made the mistake of creating a elan around it. It is at a time commonly referred to as the Las Vegas loophole. They outlawed the bet nationwide with the exception of one state, one state that is the ceiling of turn, Nevada. This has caused few changes, with the exception of the ever-growing r chargeue that it generates.A nonher reason the healthyity still remains is one not frequently mentioned, but the question of the ban being constitutional. But no matter what the law, is in that respect realistic tout ensembley ever going to be silence or content? To trace the tracks to the start of mending this problem, we lead to go back to 1992. This is the year that the Professional and critic Sports Protection Act took precedence. This law restricts gambling on amateur sports in 46 states and essentially leaves Nevada as the only state that tail take bets on those games. Sen. John McCain (R-Ariz) and Rep.Lindsay Graham (R-S. C. ) argon striving to disembowel two separate bills passed, both of which be targeted at prohibiting gambling on amateur sports. The bills were introduced a year ago, and at the time, were heavily favored. The bills would legally put a stop to betting on NCAA games, the oh-so-notorious March foolery (the NCAA Tournament), and wagering on all college sports for that matter. Las Vegas casino lobbyist hold up move saturnineensive. Who wouldnt, if there were possibilities of losing a $700 million cash cow, with approximately $70 million on March Madness?The money that is generated from sports betting both legal and not, is much too vast to be eradicated. Nevada is the tree physical structure for which sports gambling is derived. The casinos are complete with giant electronic boards that offer information on daily yetts ranging from odds to player injuries. This is the basis of most sports wagering. Nevada generates $2. 3 billion a year on legal sports betting , where as, betting on college sports revenue in Nevada accounts for $650 million of the amount. This is far from the issue though.If betting on college sports in Nevada is made illegal, I find the impact to be very(prenominal) small envisioning that illegal sports gambling has been estimated at $80 billion to $380 billion a year. At the least, 40 times the legal revenue generated seems very minute. In addition, studies have shown that for every vaulting horse bet on sports in Vegas, $100 is bet with bookies and on the Internet. Rep. Jim Gibbons (R-Nev. ), says that there is nothing backing up that legal gambling in Nevada is in all way responsible for the illegal sports wagering that plagues our nations college campuses. Rep. Shelley Berkley (D-Nev.), said that no problems would be solved by elimi nating legal bets any more than suggesting that outlawing aspirin would stop the sale of illegal drugs. A canvas tent done by Gallop from March 18-20 (between the first two weekends of this years NCAA tournament) found that Americans were divided on issue. The poll stated that 49% believe that college sports gambling should be illegal and 47% believe that it should not. Strikingly, college basketball fans are stuck on 48% on both stand-points. The possibility of abolishing gambling on college sports is not very possible nor does it hold much hope of bettering the problem.If the betting was banned, theres no possibility of it just disappearing. The figures and dollar amounts of illegal gambling are much too high now, and it is still legal. What happens when Congress puts this law into military group and everyone ignores it? It surely does not say much about our society and its morals. Howard Shaffer, director of the Division on Addictions at Harvard Medical School, said If we pass legislation that we cannot enforce, it will undermine authority in general and vernal people dont need any more laws that nobody respects. Shaffer added, If its unenforceable, they will beat to see early(a) legislation as unenforceable and then well have problems where we dont necessarily have them today. People of all kinds are in agreeance that the impact of this law would hardly be worthy the effort. John Shelk, vice president of the American Gaming connector, also stated Its not alike(p) Congress is going to pass a law that bans legal gambling, and students across the country will say, ? Oh my God, I cant gamble anymore because its illegal. Sen. McCain, co-author of last years Senate bill, had countered his sound judgement to ESPN.com by saying, I dont think we have to choose between enforcing existing laws on illegal gambling and closing the loophole on legal gambling. McCain added, we can do both. McCain and some others claim that eliminating legalized gambling in Nevada would be an essential first step on stopping the college sports gambling.Critics disagree. They believe that the attempt to chip forth at illegal sports gambling isnt a logical first step, at all. The fact of the college sports gambling, is that there is too much publicity, habituality, and money surrounding this particular gambling sport. In the beginning there was a problem with popularity.From 1951-1974, there was a 10% excise tax levied by the Federal Government on the amount of sports wagers. The tax made the business unprofitable since the profit margin was generally 5% or less before the tax. In 1974, Congress was persuaded by the Nevada congressional delegation. From this persuasion, Congress ended up natural the tax from 10% to 2%. From there, the boom took off. It took a little time but the pay off was great. Wagers on passkey and college sports were totaling $1. 3 billion by 1988. After the new wave had taken off, professional sports teams and the NCAA became c oncerned.One outspoken persister was Bill Bradley, a former basketball star and Democratic Senator from vernal Jersey. Bradley expressed, state-sponsored sports betting could change forever the relationship between the players and the game, and the game and the fans. Sports would bring the gamblers game and not the fans game, and athletes would become roulette chips, he pleaded in 1992. Bradley and others apparently made quite an impact because Congress enacted the Professional and Amateur Sports Protection Act, which was noted earlier as the Nevada loop hole. Again, the conflict elevated from there on out. realistically though, as much as the NCAA wants this legalization stopped, there is an issue thats never discussed, but could legally keep the association from doing anything. It is another loophole that Nevada has found, and is a little more concrete. It is the 10th amendment, which delegates powers to the states not to the federal government. This actor that if the bill bec omes a law, the state of Nevada will definitely have grounds to contest it. The popularity of college sports gambling has go along to grow over the years.When the NCAA tournament begins to roll around each year, Nevada gets hard at work. March Madness, is approximately a madness. Its a craze that is so very wide-spread, it would literally be impossible to get rid of it. Brackets and spreads are created, and almost anybody with vision can say that they have seen the NCAA tournament sustain. It is so popular now that some media devote entire sections of newspapers to the event. Its inevitable that readers are able to find the bracket listed, and usually bold and in full color. You can even find the bracket displayed at bars, restaurants, and even work places.More popular is the bunk pool that seems to have grown so much that women and even non-sports fans find them selves anteing in at a shot on the pool. If this legislation is to pass, how are things like the office pools going t o be regulated? Can any one realistically imagine the day that cops and or Federal agents busting bars and business environments for illegal gambling all over the country? The idea of the polity is ridiculous. In addition to the casual gambling in offices and such, what about the vast expansion of gambling and sources of it on the Internet?The Internet is full of sites devoted to college sports and gambling of it. As far as the NCAA goes, it has what most would consider a hypocritical view on the situation. The NCAA claims to be firmly against the legal betting, but when it comes to the Tournament and other advertised events, one might think differently about the beliefs. In congressional testimony the NCAA says it opposes all forms of illegal sports wagering. Well, if anyone has heard of a little network called CBS, they might be able to recall a small tournament, in correlation with the network, called the NCAA Tournament.These two were in conjunction for this years tournament, but somehow the NCAA had no problem with CBS repeatedly pointing viewers to CBS. Sportsline. com, all throughout the broadcast. Additionally, CBS. Sportsline. com owns Las Vegas Sports Consultants. Some authorities estimate that over 80% of Las Vegas sports books subscribe to the line, set by this firm. During the tournament, this web site offered a free Bracket Pool Manager, in addition to odds, points, spreads, over/unders, and so on.You cant gamble through the site, but what other economic consumption does a Bracket Pool Manager and other such emminities serve besides gambling. When you link all of these things together, it just doesnt cast off any sense. There has to be an approval by the NCAA for all of this to have taken place, therefore, it is indeed to some extent, condoning this action that it claims to be so against. So what do you think that the NCAA can do or say? Would it be feasible for them to say no, you cant say that or broadcast our tournament anymore? NO CBS acc ounts for 90% yes, 90% of the NCAA operating revenue.I really disbelieve that the NCAA is so consumed with its beliefs, that it will just discard the whole money issue that goes along with it. The National Association of Basketball Coaches, Official Athletic Site believes that the NCAA has many problems that it needs to address and correct before jump the gun to Congress. Marc Isenbergs article on the site stated that, The NCAA cannot even begin to educate athletes and other students-or even congress-until it does the following 1. ) demand that CBS cut its ties with CBS.Sportsline.com and Las Vegas Sports Consultants, which are a major part of the infrastructure of gambling on college sports 2. ) prohibit corporate partners from using bracket promotions or contests connected to the outcome of games 3. ) refuse to enfranchisement media outlets who publish lines and accept ads from tout services 4. ) fund a gambling education program on college campuses that addresses the problem o f gambling, not just neaten. Can the NCAA tear itself away from its ? Show me the money outlook to need such a campaign? The answer is No. The virtue remains, that nobody especially not the NCAA wants to go back to the unpopular, no money-making ways of the past. There is an undeniable problem with betting in college sports, mainly when it comes to students. This is the NCAAs major concern, but namely, point shaving. In general, point shaving is done by players that intentionally fall behind shots to change the outcome of the game. The NCAA has a very justifiable reason for the abolishment in terms of this veridical concern. Over the past view years, there have been many cases in which athletes got involved in the detrimental aspects of gambling.This would often times result in owing bookies so much that they would get sucked into the point shaving problem. One student made his mark when he got involved with his roommate, who was also a popular bookie that was being investiga ted by officials. The student was Teddy Dupay, a basketball player for the University of Florida Gators. Dupay had shared winnings with his champion Kresten Lagerman, 23, after giving him inside information about whether the Gators could cover point spreads. Florida had also endured a 2000-2001 pacify filled with injuries.There were also many instances of injured players returning much sooner than expected. Following this discovery, Dupay was dismiss from the team. Another student, a running back at the Northwestern University had become the schools bucket along leader. He had become involved in gambling so in-depth that he fumbled the football at the address line to ensure his $400 wager on the point spread of his own game. These are the instances that are worthy of the abolishing desire. Still, the fact remains that these examples and 99% of sports gambling is done illegally or under the table.The truth of the matter is that, this is another back-and-forth issue (like abortio n) that will never have silence nor contentment. There are serious problems with players and the ethics of the game, but no matter what, a ban on sports gambling will never solve one-single problem. The fact remains that 99% of all sports gambling is done illegally. Since it is currently legal, is there any truth to solving the problem by abolishing it? College sports gambling is truly not the real issue. There are too many other factors at play.When it comes to the players getting involved, I believe that they are able to make their own decisions. If they have difficulty doing that, there must be somewhat of a different issue- Ethics. Apparently, the NCAA should distill more on its players than Nevada. With the problem of these players, it doesnt leave much meaning to the idea may the lift out man win. Bibliography Barlett, Donald L. and James B. Steele, Throwing the Game, Time, (September 25, 2000) Gillespie, Mark, Americans Split on Whether Gambling on College Sports Should Be Banned, The Gallup Organization, (April 1, 2002) Isenberg, Marc, Gambling on College Sports The NCAAs Solution is Part of the Problem, National Association of Basketball Coaches, Official Athletic Cite, (April 25, 2002) Jansen, Bart, Big name coaches support ban on amateur sports gambling, The Detroit News, (April 25, 2002) Pells, Eddie, Complaint Dupay received money for sharing info, SlamBasketball, (September 14, 2001) Rovell, Darren, Congree could trump Vegas on college book, ESPN, (March 15, 2002) Sauve, Valerie, Issues Committee holds discussion on illegal sports wagering in NCAA, The Daily Beacon, (March 5, 2002).

Honor Killing in India Essay

An observe cleanup position or honour putting to death (also c onlyed a customary sidesplitting) is the murder of a member of a family or social group by separate members, due to the flavour of the perpetrators (and potentially the bulkyr community) that the victim has brought dishonour upon the family or community. Honour killings argon direct mostly against women and misfires. The perceived dishonor is normally the result of one of the following behaviors, or the suspicion of such(prenominal)(prenominal) behaviors a. dressing in a manner un relieveable to the family or community, b. wanting to terminate or encumber an arranged marri suppurate or desiring to marry by own choice, c. engaging in hetero internal sexual acts outside marriage, or even due to a non-sexual relationship perceived as inappropriate, and d. engaging in homosexual acts. Women and daughters atomic make sense 18 killed at a much higher rate than men.Recently, there has been a rush of honor killings in the republic and this has led the government to decide what righteousnesss should be put in location to stop this heinous umbrage. Also whether the Hindu labor union stand for should be reformed or non is being debated. So what is the definition of honour killing and what leads families to commit this heinous crime so that they eject protect their family honour? Is this practice prevalent nevertheless in India or is it prevalent in other parts of the world also? What are the misconceptions regarding honour killing and what are the solutions to stop this crime from cattle farm? These are the questions that indian lodge find the answer In my opinion Honour killing is defined as a death that is awarded to a woman of the family for marrying against the parents wishes, having extramarital and premarital relationships, marrying within the selfsame(prenominal) gotra or outside ones caste or marrying a cousin from a diverse caste.Read more Essay About India Crime RateHonour killing is different from the helping deaths that are also a very common practice in India as, in the case of fate deaths, the perpetrators of that action claim that they obligate not been given enough material rewards for accepting the woman into the family. In that case there is a lot of harassment from the in-laws and more times than one, it has been noted that the wife commits self-destruction rather than being killed by the in-laws, though it has to be said that she has been mentally killed, if not physically. We have had a tradition of honour killing. This tradition was first viewed in its most direful form during the Partition of the country in between the years 1947 and 1950 when many women were forcefully killed sothat family honour could be preserved. Now, there are assorted rationalnesss why passel or family members decide to kill the daughter in the name of preserving their family honour.The most obvious reason for this practice to continue in India, albeit, at a much faster and to the highest degree daily basis, is because of the fact that the caste system continues to be at its rigid best and also because people from the bygoneoral areas refuse to change their attitude to marriage. According to them, if any daughter dares to disobey her parents on the issuing of marriage and decides to marry a man of her wishes but from another gotra or outside her caste, it would bring disrepute to the family honour and hence they decide to give the ultimate sentence, that is death, to the daughter. Now as has become the norm, the son-in-law is killed as well. Sociologists call up that the reason why honour killings continue to take place is because of the continued rigidity of the caste system. wherefore the fear of losing their caste post through which they gain many benefits makes them commit this heinous crime.The other reason why honour killings are taking place is because the mentality of people has not changed and they just fuelnot accept t hat marriages can take place in the same gotra or outside ones caste. The go coldcock of the cause for the increase in the number of honour killings is because the formal governance has not been able to tinct the rural areas and as a result. Thus, this practices continues though it should have been removed by now. There are various misconceptions regarding the practice of honor killing. The first misconception about honor killing is that this is a practice that is limited to the rural areas. The truth is that it is spread over such a large geographical area that we cannot isolate honor killings to rural areas only, though one has to admit that majority of the killings take place in the rural areas. provided it has also been peckn recently that even the metropolitan cities like Delhi and Tamil Nadu are not safe from this crime because 5 honor killings were reported from Delhi and in Tamil Nadu a daughter and son in law were killed due to marriage into the same gotra.So it can be seen clearly that honor killing is not isolated to rural areas but also to urban areas and as already pointed out, it has a very wide geographical spread. The second misconception regarding honor killing is that it has religious roots. Even if a woman commits adultery, there have to be four male witnesses with good behavior and reputation to validate the charge. Furthermore only the enjoin can gondola carry out judicialpunishments, but never an individual vigilante. So, we can clearly see that there is no religious backing or religious roots for this heinous crime. What can we do to prevent such a thing from happening?Firstly, the mentality of the people has to change. And when we say that the mentality has to change, we cerebrate to say that parents should accept their childrens wishes regarding marriage as it is they who have to lead a manners with their life partners and if they are not satisfied with their life partner then they will lead a horrible married life which might even end in suicide. Secondly, we need to have stricter laws to tackle these kinds of killings as this is a crime which cannot be pardoned because. Humans do not have the right to write down death sentences of innocent fellow humans.More Choice Honour killing can be defined as the homicide of the member of a family or social group by other members due to the belief of the perpetrators that the victim has brought dishonour upon the family or community. In most of the cases, honour killings are mostly directed against the women in particular in the South Asian and Middle Eastern Islamic cultures. Sadly, this culture is prevalent in somewhat parts of the Indian society too. Mainly the method of honor killing is adopted when a young woman goes against the wishes of her family and marries a guy who does not belong to her own community. In some of these cases, both the son and the girl are killed either secretly by the family members and even openly claiming that the respective boy or girl have bought dishonour and disrespect to the family and to the society or community as a whole. Each and either individual has the right to live his or her own life according to their own wishes.After attaining the age of 18 and 21 by the girl and the boy respectively, the family has no right to force them into marriage or any other act if they are unwilling to do so. If an individual be it a boy or a girl feels that he or she wants to marry according to their wishes, their parents should accept the wishes. In fact, parents only desire to see their children happy and if the children are happy, the parents should let them do what they desire. But for a number of families, their status and position in the society is so much more important than their kids that they do not capitulum killing them or sacrificing them just to maintain their desired status. Only one question comes into the mind of all thepeople- Is the society more important than your children? When asked all will sa y that their children are more important.But in some of the cases the reality is totally different. These people who kill their children for the breach of so called code of conduct of their societies are actually only concerned about their status and position in the society. Such people can be termed as criminals who are far more dangerous than the terrorists. Terrorists kill people who are extraterrestrial being to them. But these people who support honour killing and are a part of it are stony because only a heartless individual can kill someone they love and that too for a baseless reason. The government of India has formulated laws against honour killing but still this inhuman practice exists. In my opinion people involved in honour killing should also be treated as criminals and should be punished as severely as possible. Even capital punishment should be offered to these individuals so that they realize that how painful death was to the person they killed.More choices Alarme d by the demonstrate of honour killings,Government is preparedness to bring a bill in the Monsoon Session of Parliament conterminous month to provide for cheque punishment for honour killings.We have already finalised a draft and the bill should come in the next session, Law Minister M Veerappa Moily told . He said that the bill envisages amendments to several related acts, including the Evidence Act and the onus would be on the accused to prove their innocence.His comments came a day after the controlling judiciary on Monday issued notice to centre and presents government to file reports on the murders of young couples and asked them how they can stop such killings and what the government and the states have done in this regard. Supreme court on Honour killingThe Supreme Court issued notices to the Centre and nine States on a PIL seeking directions to the Union government to make law to protect young couples from Honour killings.A vacation bench comprising Justices R M Lodha and A K Patnaik issued notices on a petition filed by an NGO Shaktivahini alleging that young couples who dare to defy their families or Khap panchayet in the matter of marriage are under constant threat from them. It noted the sudden rise in the incidents of honour killing at the instance of Khap Panchayats.Among the states which have been directed to respond to the PIL are Haryana, Punjab, Rajasthan and Uttar Pradesh.The crest court had earlier refused to entertain a petition seeking directions to the government to amend Hindu Marriage Act to declare same gotra marriage as illegal.Kiran Bedi on honour killingVeteran police force administrator Kiran Bedi said there can be no excuse to sanction murder, whatever the cause, and progressive policing and serious penal sanctions is the only way to check this dishonourable practice. Besides, any law against honour killing will be effective only when there is a will on the part of the society itself. The suspected honour killing of ma rried couple Kuldeep Singh (26) and Monica (24) allegedly by Monicas brother Ankit Nagar and his booster shot Mandeep Nagar took a bloody turn early when the body of another woman, Shobha, was free-base in a car near the couples rented house in Ashok Vihar close to the local police station. Shobha was Mandeeps sister.Whereas Shobhas uncle supports the killing by saying This killing will teach a lesson to the society.Honour killing in IndiaThe latest victims of what caste councils (khap panchayats) call a justified act to protect familys maryada (honour). This councils are found in northern India, particularly in Haryana, Punjab, western Uttar Pradesh and Delhi, Rajasthan.Every month one honour killing takes place in Punjab. As per data complied for the first time by the Crime wing of the Punjab Police, during the pasttwo-and-a-half years from 2008 till date 34 honour killings have taken place in the state 10 in 2008, 20 in 2009, four so far in 2010. Of the total 34 cases, 16 w ere reported from Tarn Taran district. Perhaps one of the most backward areas in Punjab in terms of literacy, Tarn Taran has witnessed the highest number of honour killings in the state. Last month, a newly wed couple was attacked, the girl was killed and the boy grievously injured. The parents of the girl were the main suspects in the case.